A reduced complexity digital multi-stage noise shaping (MASH) delta-sigma modulator for fractional-N frequency synthesizer applications is proposed. A long word is used for the first modulator in a MASH structure; the ...

In this paper, we extend the idea developed in some of our earlier works of using output feedback to make the quantization step in a digital delta-sigma modulator (DDSM) appear prime. This maximizes the cycle lengths for ...