http://hdl.handle.net/10468/75 Sat, 25 May 2013 06:46:39 GMT 2013-05-25T06:46:39Z http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1109 Comparison of the principal proteins in bovine, caprine, buffalo, equine and camel milk Hinz, Katharina; O'Connor, Paula; Huppertz, Thom; Ross, R. Paul; Kelly, Alan L. Proteomic analysis of bovine, caprine, buffalo, equine and camel milk highlighted significant interspecies differences. Camel milk was found to be devoid of β-lactoglobulin, whereas β-lactoglobulin was the major whey protein in bovine, buffalo, caprine, and equine milk. Five different isoforms of κ-casein were found in camel milk, analogous to the micro-heterogeneity observed for bovine κ-casein. Several spots observed in 2D-electrophoretograms of milk of all species could tentatively be identified as polypeptides arising from the enzymatic hydrolysis of caseins. The understanding gained from the proteomic comparison of these milks may be of relevance both in terms of identifying sources of hypoallergenic alternatives to bovine milk and detection of adulteration of milk samples and products. Wed, 02 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1109 2012-05-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1110 Proteomic study of proteolysis during ripening of cheddar cheese made from milk over a lactation cycle Hinz, Katharina; O'Connor, Paula; O'Brien, Bernadette; Huppertz, Thom; Ross, R. Paul; Kelly, Alan L. Milk for cheese production in Ireland is predominantly produced by pasture-fed spring-calving herds. Consequently, there are marked seasonal changes in milk composition, which arise from the interactive lactational, dietary and environmental factors. In this study, Cheddar cheese was manufactured on a laboratory scale from milk taken from a spring calving herd, over a 9-month lactation cycle between early April and early December. Plasmin activity of 6-months-old Cheddar cheese samples generally decreased over ripening time. One-dimensional urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of cheese samples taken after 6 months of ripening showed an extensive hydrolysis of caseins, with the fastest hydrolysis of αs1-caseins in cheeses made in August. A proteomic comparison between cheeses produced from milk taken in April, August and December showed a reduction in levels of β-casein and appearance of additional products, corresponding to low molecular weight hydrolysis products of the caseins. This study has demonstrated that a seasonal milk supply causes compositional differences in Cheddar cheese, and that proteomic tools are helpful in understanding the impact of those differences. Wed, 02 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1110 2012-05-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10468/694 Incentive-based interventions for increasing physical activity and fitness O'Malley, Grace; Baker, Philip; Francis, Daniel; Perry, Ivan J.; Foster, Charles This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: The main aim of the review is to determine the effectiveness of using incentive-based approaches (IBAs) (financial and non-financial) to increase physical activity in community-dwelling children and adults. A secondary objective will be to address the use of incentives to improve cardiovascular and metabolic fitness. A final objective will be to explore: whether there are any adverse effects associated with the use of IBAs for increasing physical activity; whether there are any differential effects of IBAs within and between study populations by age, gender, education, inequalities and health status; and whether the use of disincentive/aversive approaches leads to a reduction in sedentary behaviour. Wed, 18 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10468/694 2012-01-18T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10468/863 A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the vitamin D intake-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D relationship to inform European recommendations Cashman, Kevin D.; Fitzgerald, Anthony P.; Kiely, Mairead; Seamans, Kelly M. The present study used a systematic review approach to identify relevant randomised control trials (RCT) with vitamin D and then apply meta-regression to explore the most appropriate model of the vitamin D intake–serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) relationship to underpin setting reference intake values. Methods included an updated structured search on Ovid MEDLINE; rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria; data extraction; and meta-regression (using different model constructs). In particular, priority was given to data from winter-based RCT performed at latitudes >49•58°N (n 12). A combined weighted linear model meta-regression analyses of natural log (Ln) total vitamin D intake (i.e. diet and supplemental vitamin D) versus achieved serum 25(OH)D in winter (that used by the North American Dietary Reference Intake Committee) produced a curvilinear relationship (mean (95% lower CI) serum 25(OH)D (nmol/l) = 9•2 (8•5) Ln (total vitamin D)). Use of non-transformed total vitamin D intake data (maximum 1400 IU/d; 35µg/d) provided for a more linear relationship (mean serum 25(OH)D (nmol/l) = 0•044 × (total vitamin D) + 33•035). Although inputting an intake of 600 IU/d (i.e. the RDA) into the 95% lower CI curvilinear and linear models predicted a serum 25(OH)D of 54•4 and 55•2 nmol/l, respectively, the total vitamin D intake that would achieve 50 (and 40) nmol/l serum 25(OH)D was 359 (111) and 480 (260) IU/d, respectively. Inclusion of 95% range in the model to account for inter-individual variability increased the predicted intake of vitamin D needed to maintain serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/l to 930 IU/d. The model used to describe the vitamin D intake–status relationship needs to be considered carefully when setting new reference intake values in Europe. Thu, 01 Dec 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10468/863 2011-12-01T00:00:00Z