Defining metabolically healthy obesity: role of dietary and lifestyle factors
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Date
2013-10-17
Authors
Phillips, Catherine M.
Dillon, Christina B.
Harrington, Janas M.
McCarthy, Vera J. C.
Kearney, Patricia M.
Fitzgerald, Anthony P.
Perry, Ivan J.
Journal Title
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Publisher
Public Library of Science
Published Version
Abstract
Background: There is a current lack of consensus on defining metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Limited data on dietary and lifestyle factors and MHO exist. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence, dietary factors and lifestyle behaviours of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese and non-obese subjects according to different metabolic health criteria. Method: Cross-sectional sample of 1,008 men and 1,039 women aged 45-74 years participated in the study. Participants were classified as obese (BMI ≥30kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI <30kg/m2). Metabolic health status was defined using five existing MH definitions based on a range of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Dietary composition and quality, food pyramid servings, physical activity, alcohol and smoking behaviours were examined. Results: The prevalence of MHO varied considerably between definitions (2.2% to 11.9%), was higher among females and generally increased with age. Agreement between MHO classifications was poor. Among the obese, prevalence of MH was 6.8% to 36.6%. Among the non-obese, prevalence of metabolically unhealthy subjects was 21.8% to 87%. Calorie intake, dietary macronutrient composition, physical activity, alcohol and smoking behaviours were similar between the metabolically healthy and unhealthy regardless of BMI. Greater compliance with food pyramid recommendations and higher dietary quality were positively associated with metabolic health in obese (OR 1.45-1.53 unadjusted model) and non-obese subjects (OR 1.37-1.39 unadjusted model), respectively. Physical activity was associated with MHO defined by insulin resistance (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.19-2.92, p = 0.006).
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Keywords
Alcohol consumption , Body mass index , Carbohydrate metabolism , Insulin resistance , Metabolic disorders , Obesity , Vegetables , Carbohydrates
Citation
PHILLIPS, C. M., DILLON, C., HARRINGTON, J. M., MCCARTHY, V. J. C., KEARNEY, P. M., FITZGERALD, A. P. & PERRY, I. J. 2013. Defining Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors. PLoS ONE, 8 (10), e76188. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076188
Copyright
© 2013 Phillips et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited