Geography - Journal Articles

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The central lowlands of Ireland - An empty heartland?
(The Old Athlone Society, 1973) O'Flanagan, Patrick
Placenames as sources for cultural landscape studies
(Thomond Archaeological and Historical Society, 1976) O'Flanagan, Patrick
Social and political organization in Galicia - a spatial unconformity
(Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa, CEG-ULisboa, 1978) O'Flanagan, Patrick
Land reform and rural modernization in Spain - A Galician perspective
(University of Bonn, Universität Bonn, 1982) O'Flanagan, Patrick
Zusammenfassung: Abwanderungen und die Entvölkerung des ländlichen Raumes, zunehmende Land-Stadt-Beziehungen und steigende Nachfrage nach und Preise für Agrarprodukte gehören zu den wesentlichen Antriebskräften, die das Gesicht des ländlichen Spaniens zur Zeit verändern. Die Entwicklung des ländlichen Raumes ist jedoch weit gehend ein ungeplanter, autonomer Prozeß, und somit sind Tempo und Art des Wandels im ländlichen Raum keineswegs gleichmäßig. Dieser Aufsatz überprüft die Wirkungen und Folgen einer geplanten Entwicklung des ländlichen Raumes in Galizien vor dem Hintergrund der normativen Planziele. Die Fortschritte des Planes werden an Beispielen dargestellt und hierauf aufbauend ein allgemeiner Überblick und eine Kritik an dieser Art Planung in den übervölkerten ländlichen Gebieten Spaniens gegeben.
Rural change south of the river Bride in counties Cork and Waterford: the surveyors' evidence 1716–1851
(Geographical Society of Ireland, 1982) O'Flanagan, Patrick
Estate studies in Irish historical geography have been often designed to confirm or contrast local trends of development with those previously identified at the regional or sub-regional level. To date, little attention has been awarded to estate maps in studies of rural landscape change. It is a theme of this paper that the results yielded from a careful study of such estate maps can throw light on the results of the activities of the majority of estate residents. In this regard, it is fortunate that at Lismore surveys of the estate in 1716–17 and 1773–4 have survived, and a nineteenth century dimension is added by an analysis of the Valuation Office maps for 1851. This work is focused on a study of critical indicators of change, notably leasing arrangements, farm size, rate and type of enclosure, infrastructural development and settlement growth. These changes are reviewed within the framework of the dialectic that developed between landlord or landlord-inspired management policies and the forces released locally by the vast bulk of the population. Broadly this analysis indicates some of the potential rewards which may be secured by detailed scrutiny of estate maps in conjunction with other estate records.
Bandon in the eighteenth century. The view from a terrier and a survey
(Cumann Seanchais na Bandann, 1989) O'Flanagan, Patrick
A flood chronology for Cork city and its climatological background
(Geographical Society of Ireland, 1991) Tyrrell, John G.; Hickey, Kieran R.
A flood chronology for the city of Cork is presented for the period 1841–1988. The 292 floods which are reported are classified into six flood types primarily based on the relative role of rainfall and tidal conditions in each flood event. Changes over the 148 years in flood frequencies and flood types are outlined and assessed, primarily with respect to the significance of the atmospheric circulation patterns and wind direction, but also with reference to the occurrence of river discharge levels and tidal surges. The major cause of flooding is shown to be excessive rainfall, although high tides are also of considerable significance, especially those accompanied by storm surges.
The concerns of Irish local and regional studies: a geographical perspective
(Group for the Study of Irish Historic Settlement (GSIHS), 1995) O'Flanagan, Patrick
Cambio regional y rural en Irlanda
(Universidad de Guadalajara, 1996) O'Flanagan, Patrick
¿Incendiarismo o ecocidio en la Iberia Atlántica? La transformación del paisaje a causa del fuego: reflejo de los problemas socioeconómicos
(Universidad de León, Universidad de Salamanca, Universidad de Valladolid, 1997) O'Flanagan, Patrick
Los incencios han causado enormes daños en la Iberia Atlántica en los pasados veinte años. Este trabajo pretende detallar los precedentes de estos incendios, situando el discurso en el contexto de ecología política y economia política. En el centro del asunto se encuentra la larga relación existente entre comunidades, localidades y Estado. Aquí se establecen relaciones entre economía, política, incendiarismo y ecocidio. Además, la degradación es una consecuencia, pero esta noción de cambio también necesita ser reconsiderada.
Safe places and unsafe places:Geography and the 1996 asylum and immigration act in the United Kingdom
(Centre for Refugee Studies, York University and Queen's University, 1998) White, Allen
Over the last decade and a half the international refugee régime, as enshrined by the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol has come under sustained attack in western states. This is because of implicit assumptions about the universalism of the refugee identity and the rootedness of national identities by the framers, drafters and subsequent commentators on international refugee law (see Malkki 1992, and Hyndman 1998). Critical approaches to international refugee law have sufered from underdeveloped ideas about space and about the relationship between geography and law. In this paper I point to geographical and geopolitical assumptions and thinking that lies behind the passage and enforcement of accelerated asylum determination and appeal procedures in the United Kingdom. I conclude by suggesting how the moral landscape of refugee and asylum law might be re-oriented to stress connections between the United Kingdom and persecuted and oppressed peoples rather than stress the protection of the UK's boundaries
A geographical perspective on the decline and extermination of the Irish wolf Canis lupus - an initial assessment
(Geographical Society of Ireland, 2000) Hickey, Kieran R.
Wolves were a component of the Irish landscape until 1786 when the last one was killed. It had taken a concerted effort by Cromwell and his Government in Ireland to bring this about particularly through deforestation and landscape change, legislation, bounties and the efforts of a few professional wolf hunters. This paper estimates the wolf population in Ireland at three lime periods in the 1600s and examines how each of the forces already mentioned led to their eventual extermination. The 87 dated and documented wolf incidents which include wolf attacks on both animals and humans, wolf observations and the hunting and killing of wolves over the period 1560-1789 show both spatial and temporal variations.
A classificação de áreas rurais. Que valor?
(Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, 2002) O'Flanagan, Patrick
Geographies of asylum: legal knowledge and legal practices
(Elsevier, 2002-11) White, Allen
Law and legal discourses are an integral part of social life, a central means of producing social identities and exercising social power in day to day life. Critically informed geographical perspectives on law have illustrated in a number of ways how the legal and social (and therefore the spatial) are mutually constitutive. This paper argues that perspectives from critical legal geography can offer insights into the operation of asylum and immigration law in the UK in the late 1990s. This paper argues that legal practices and relations are organised in hegemonic and counter-hegemonic ways in different places and institutional contexts in London. In addition law and legal practices comprise a particularly important way in which ‘community’ can be constructed simultaneously across a variety of different scales in ways that can marginalise and exclude relatively powerless groups like asylum seekers. Thus refugee identities offer a particularly clear example of how social realities are constituted by law and legal practice.
Teaching students to read the news via representations of asylum seekers in British newspapers
(Taylor & Francis Ltd., 2004-07) White, Allen
Research by geographers on using news media in the classroom has tended to concentrate on either content or discourse analysis of newspapers. These approaches hold in common an implicit understanding that what news stories say happened is not as important as the language, metaphors, images and representations used in news stories. In this paper the author discuss Bell's (1999) approach to analysing news stories, which lies somewhere between content and discourse analysis. This approach works through emphasizing the ‘event’ and ‘time’ structure of stories as they are presented to us in newspapers. Through building up the ‘event’ and time structure of news stories about asylum we can put ourselves in a position to see what the story does—and does not—say. In turn this approach shows how our understandings of seemingly simple news stories are often based on assumptions, ambiguities and discrepancies that support and are based within exploitative power relationships.
The reclamation of the Shannon Estuary inter‐tidal flats: a case study of the Clare Slobland Reclamation Company
(Geographical Society of Ireland, 2005-01) Hickey, Kieran R.; Healy, Michael
Extensive reclamation of the sloblands in the Shannon estuary have been undertaken over hundreds of years but particularly in the mid to late 1800s. There is extensive documentary evidence of the various reclamation schemes that were undertaken. The Clare Slobland Reclamation Company attempted to reclaim a very large section of the Fergus sub-estuary of the Shannon but ultimately failed, despite enormous expenditure. A smaller less ambitious reclamation in the same area was completed afterwards by the Fergus Reclamation Company. The financing, legislation, scale and chronology of the Clare Slobland Reclamation Scheme is outlined along with the difficulties it faced and the eventual causes of its failure are examined. In addition the entitlements of the company and their associated responsibilities are outlined and these show the extent of the powers they had to change and alter the landscape.
A representation of the Bride Valley in Ireland during the eighteenth century
(Universidade do Minho, 2006) O'Flanagan, Patrick
This research is a brief analysis of one of the earliest and most comprehensive estate surveys made in Ireland. An estate was a very large landholding unit sometimes exceeding 5,000 hectares created under the auspices of English colonisation mainly in the first half of the seventeenth century. It was conducted by a surveyor in the early years of the eighteenth century, hired by the estate owner and it consists of individual maps for different ‘townlands’. Each one of which has an accompanying paper description known as a ‘terrier’. An overall plan of the entire survey area was also produced. An attempt is made here to assess the nature of farming and landscape representation by essentially focusing on the characteristics of the areas landesque capital. By landesque capital, I mean the man-made farming and settlement infrastructures represented on the surveyors maps such as houses and outbuildings, embankments and roads. This evaluation confirms that different forms of land colonisation and enclosure were then in vogue: firstly, large scale systematic improvement involving planned enclosure and settlement and secondly spontaneous small-scale improvement mainly associated with more marginal and less productive land.
Daily mean sea level pressure reconstruction for the European - North Atlantic Region for the period 1850-2003
(American Meteorological Society, 2006-06-15) Ansell, T. J.; Jones, P. D.; Allan, R. J.; Lister, D.; Parker, D. E.; Brunet, M.; Moberg, A.; Jacobeit, J.; Brohan, P.; Rayner, N. A.; Aguilar, E.; Alexandersson, H.; Barriendos, M.; Brandsma, T.; Cox, N. J.; Della-Marta, P. M.; Drebs, A.; Founda, D.; Gerstengarbe, F.; Hickey, Kieran R.; Jonsson, T.; Luterbacher, J.; Nordii, O.; Oesterle, H.; Petrakis, M.; Philipp, A.; Rodwell, M. J.; Saladie, O.; Sigro, J.; Slonosky, V.; Srnec, L.; Swail, V.; Garcia-Suarez, A. M.; Tuomenvirta, H.; Wang, X.; Wanner, H.; Werner, P.; Wheeler, P.; Xoplaki, E.; European Commission; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Switzerland
The development of a daily historical European–North Atlantic mean sea level pressure dataset (EMSLP) for 1850–2003 on a 5° latitude by longitude grid is described. This product was produced using 86 continental and island stations distributed over the region 25°–70°N, 70°W–50°E blended with marine data from the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). The EMSLP fields for 1850–80 are based purely on the land station data and ship observations. From 1881, the blended land and marine fields are combined with already available daily Northern Hemisphere fields. Complete coverage is obtained by employing reduced space optimal interpolation. Squared correlations (r 2) indicate that EMSLP generally captures 80%–90% of daily variability represented in an existing historical mean sea level pressure product and over 90% in modern 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analyses (ERA-40) over most of the region. A lack of sufficient observations over Greenland and the Middle East, however, has resulted in poorer reconstructions there. Error estimates, produced as part of the reconstruction technique, flag these as regions of low confidence. It is shown that the EMSLP daily fields and associated error estimates provide a unique opportunity to examine the circulation patterns associated with extreme events across the European–North Atlantic region, such as the 2003 heat wave, in the context of historical events.
Re-ordering the urban archipelago: Kenya vision 2030, street trade and the battle for Nairobi city centre
(2007) Linehan, Denis
The urban morphology and social and economic topography of Nairobi is sharply distinguished, heavily fortified and distinctively regulated. This form of urban territorial organization is an outcome of the legacies of colonialism and deeply inequitable local practices which continue to enforce Nairobi’s relationship to the foreign investor and the tourist rather than support the rights of the urban inhabitant. The accelerating impact of neo-liberal economic planning continues to worsen these urban inequalities. In this context, this paper explores the influence of Kenya Vision 2030 on the restructuring of Nairobi and assesses its implication for street vendors, who have been increasingly displaced from trading in the City Centre. Their future and the attempts to re-order Nairobi city centre has emerged as a key site were debates over the global and local versions of the city and the contest between different developmental futures are acted out.
New insights into North European and North Atlantic surface pressure variability, storminess and related climate change since 1830
(American Meteorological Society, 2008-12) Hanna, E.; Cappelen, J.; Allan, R. J.; Jonsson, T.; Le Blanq, F.; Lillington, T.; Hickey, Kieran R.; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom
The authors present initial results of a new pan-European and international storminess since 1800 as interpreted from European and North Atlantic barometric pressure variability (SENABAR) project. This first stage analyzes results of a new daily pressure variability index, dp(abs)24, from long-running meteorological stations in Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, the United Kingdom, and Ireland, some with data from as far back as the 1830s. It is shown that dp(abs)24 is significantly related to wind speed and is therefore a good measure of Atlantic and Northwest European storminess and climatic variations. The authors investigate the temporal and spatial consistency of dp(abs)24, the connection between annual and seasonal dp(abs)24 and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI), as well as dp(abs)24 links with historical storm records. The results show periods of relatively high dp(abs)24 and enhanced storminess around 1900 and the early to mid-1990s, and a relatively quiescent period from about 1930 to the early 1960s, in keeping with earlier studies. There is little evidence that the mid- to late nineteenth century was less stormy than the present, and there is no sign of a sustained enhanced storminess signal associated with “global warming.” The results mark the first step of a project intending to improve on earlier work by linking barometric pressure data from a wide network of stations with new gridded pressure and reanalysis datasets, GCMs, and the NAOI. This work aims to provide much improved spatial and temporal coverage of changes in European, Atlantic, and global storminess.

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