Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy (MaREI) - Journal Articles
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Item Spatial distribution of seabird biomass removal and overlap with fisheries in a large marine ecosystem(Oxford University Press, 2025) Jessopp, Mark J.; Tierney, David; Bennison, Ashley; Geelhoed, Steve C. V.; Cañadas, Ana; Rogan, Emer; Giralt Paradell, Oriol; Department of Environment, Climate and Communications; Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage; Sustainable Energy Authority of IrelandGlobally, seabirds remove a prey biomass equivalent to commercial fishery landings, suggesting likely competition for resources that will vary spatially and seasonally. Using extensive aerial surveys combined with species-specific energetic requirements, we calculated and mapped at-sea removal of prey biomass by seabirds during the breeding and non-breeding seasons and compared this to the seasonal distribution of fishing effort. The distribution of prey biomass removal by seabirds was concentrated in coastal areas, with up to 6.39 kg/km2/day of biomass consumed in the breeding season and up to 4.3 kg/km2/day in the non-breeding season. Offshore, average biomass consumption ranged from 0.28-1.53 to 0.75-1.84 kg/km2/day in the breeding and non-breeding seasons, respectively. Total prey biomass removal by seabirds across the study area (the Irish Exclusive Economic Zone covering an area of 341 183 km2) was estimated at around 441.2 tonnes/day in the breeding season and 478 tonnes/day in the non-breeding season, highlighting the significant role that seabirds play in marine ecosystems. The fine-scale spatial distribution of prey biomass removal by seabirds was significantly correlated with the distribution of fishing effort in both inshore and offshore areas, highlighting potential competition for resources and/or attraction of seabirds to vessels for discards.Item Acute impacts of biologging devices on the diving behaviour of Manx shearwaters(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Clairbaux, Manon; Darby, Jamie H.; Caulfield, Emma; Jessopp, Mark J.; Irish Research CouncilBiologging studies rely on the assumption that equipped animal behaviours are representative of the ones displayed by unequipped individuals. Identifying any tagging effects is therefore necessary to correctly interpret recorded data from equipped animals. The majority of seabird studies report an absence of tag effects using broad metrics such as breeding success or foraging trip duration. However, animals may compensate for tag attachment through increased effort or behavioural responses. We compared foraging trip and dive characteristics of 42 breeding Manx shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus) equipped with a range of biologging tags representing 0.9–3.7% body mass. There was no evidence that increasing tag weight affected foraging trip duration, but individuals equipped with heavier tags travelled shorter distances and at slower speed as well as spending more time in Area Restricted Search behaviour. The number of dives performed per hour of foraging trip was not affected by increasing tag weight, but individuals with the heaviest tags conducted shorter and shallower dives with slower ascent rates than those equipped with lighter tags. Additionally, birds equipped with the heaviest tags increased resting time between dives, suggesting a need to recover from a greater physiological cost of diving when equipped. Our study is one of the few that describe acute tagging impacts on seabird diving behaviour and foraging effort, suggesting that deployments should be kept as short as possible to limit cumulative impacts. © The Author(s) 2025.Item Wave basin investigation of floating wind turbine model using underwater particle image velocimetry: investigating hydrodynamic wake structures(Taylor & Francis, 2024-10-15) Belvasi, Navid; Desmond, Cian; Murphy, Jimmy; Horizon 2020This paper conducts a fundamental study on the hydrodynamic performance of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). This includes investigating the impacts of platform motion, turbine operation, and environmental conditions on hydrodynamic wake development behind the FOWT. Using underwater particle image velocimetry in a wave basin, the fluid flow behaviour behind the floating wind substructure model is compared for different test configurations. The FOWT is examined in three configurations: I. Zero degrees of freedom (fixed), II. Six degrees of freedom (floating), and III. Floating with turbine in operation (full system). The results reveal significant hydrodynamic wake turbulence differences between fixed and floating systems, with 95% and 89% increases in turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulence intensity (TI), respectively. Turbine loading in configuration III results in additional damping and reduces eddy shedding, resulting in a 26% and 31% decrease in TKE and TI, compared to the floating configuration II. It is found that neglecting turbine operation overestimates substructure drag terms by at least 30%, while fixing the model underestimates drag terms by 54%. This study highlights a trade-off between model accuracy and dynamic complexity when estimating viscous effects on FOWT. It also provides a valuable set of high-fidelity validation data for the development of numerical tools for FOWT analysis.Item Capacity development for locally-led knowledge co-production processes in Real World Labs for managing climate and disaster risk(Elsevier, 2025-03-14) Cumiskey, Lydia; Parviainen, Janne; Bharwani, Sukaina; Ng, Natascha; Bagli, Stefano; Drews, Martin; Genillard, Christopher; Hedderich, Dominik; Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefan; Hofbauer, Benjamin; Huszti, Levente; Kropf, Chahan M.; Löhrlein, Jana; Pou, Arnau Macià; Mazzoli, Paolo; Pedersen, Jacob; Rosa, Angela; Schweizer, Pia-Johanna; Steinhausen, Max; Struck, Julian; Håkansson, Victor Wattin; European CommissionKnowledge co-production processes are increasingly used to promote transdisciplinary collaboration and integration of knowledge across scales to better understand and govern complex sustainability challenges. However, existing literature tends to overlook the capacities and skills required for designing, researching and facilitating such processes, and the empirical evidence base demonstrating their benefits remains narrow. For example, practical guidance and training for locally-led design and implementation of knowledge co-production processes is scarce. In this paper, we explore capacities for enabling such processes, and the skills that underpin them as well as those that emerge from them based on lessons learned from the implementation of the DIRECTED project. The project develops the capacity of practitioners from four regional Real World Labs in Denmark, Italy, Germany, and Austria/ Hungary to design, research and facilitate knowledge co-production to address their local and regional disaster risk and climate adaptation-related challenges. The process seeks to support knowledge integration and influence integrated planning, policy and interoperable tool development through transdisciplinary collaboration. The paper puts forward a structure for the four key capacities (collaborative, systems thinking, creative and reflexive capacities) and related skills needed by both Real World Lab practitioner hosts and academic researchers, to enable knowledge co-production, along with findings demonstrating how these have influenced the evolving activities designed by Real World Lab hosts. Reflections are provided on how to inform knowledge co-production applications to better integrate considerations of capacities and skills required by practitioners and academics.Item The Risk-Tandem framework: an iterative framework for combining risk governance and knowledge co-production toward integrated disaster risk management and climate change adaptation(Elsevier, 2025-12-15) Parviainen, Janne; Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefan; Cumiskey, Lydia; Bharwani, Sukaina; Schweizer, Pia-Johanna; Hofbauer, Benjamin; Cubie, Dug; European CommissionThe challenges of the Anthropocene are growing ever more complex and uncertain, underpinned by the emergence of systemic risks. At the same time, the landscape of risk governance has become compartmentalised and siloed, characterized by non-overlapping activities, competing scientific discourses, and distinct responsibilities distributed across diverse public and private bodies. Operating across scales and disciplines, actors tend to work in silos which constitute critical gaps within the interface of science, policy, and practice. Yet, increasingly complex and ‘wicked’ problems require holistic solutions, multi-scalar communication, coordination, collaboration, data interoperability, funding, and stakeholder engagement. To address these problems in a real-world context, we present the Risk-Tandem framework for bridging theory and practice; to guide and structure the integration of disaster risk management (DRM), climate change adaptation (CCA) and systemic risk management through a process of transdisciplinary knowledge co-production. Advancing the frontiers of knowledge in this regard, The Risk-Tandem framework combines risk management approaches and tools with iterative co-production processes as a cornerstone of its implementation, in efforts to promote the co-design of fit-for-purpose solutions, methods and approaches contributing toward strengthened risk governance alongside stakeholders. The paper outlines how the framework is developed, applied, and further refined within selected case study regions, including Denmark, Germany, Italy and the Danube Region.
