Applied Psychology - Journal Articles
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Item Variations in sexual identity milestones among asexual people(Springer Nature, 2024-11-07) Kelleher, Sinéad; Murphy, Mike; Murphy, RaeganThere is increasing interest in the interpersonal factors that shape the development of asexual individual’s sexual identity, including age, gender, and romantic orientation. In this study, we examined variability in timing and pacing of asexual identity development milestones, with a focus on the diversity present in the asexual population. Among a sample of 317 participants aged 18–59 from three distinct birth cohorts, we measured participants’ ages of asexual identity development milestones, including: first awareness of a lack of sexual attraction, first searching for orientation, first discovery of the term asexuality, first self-identification, and first disclosure. Participants from more recent cohorts reported earlier and accelerated pacing of milestones relative to those from middle and older cohorts. Subgroups defined by gender also varied in milestone timing, with cisgender participants experiencing asexual identity development milestones at a later age than gender non-binary cohorts. No significant difference in milestones were found among romantic orientation sub-groups, apart from the timing of identity disclosure. Romantic-identified asexual individuals disclosed their asexual identities much sooner than aromantic-identified asexual individuals following identification as asexual. By comparing differences within subpopulations, the results of this study extend upon our understanding of the various sub-identities that exist within the asexual population and attend to different experiences within the asexual community. This in turn contributes towards our understanding of how asexual people experience interpersonal relationships, their interactions with others, and how they develop a positive sense of identity.Item Material mediation in collaborative activity(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2024-04-26) Bødker, Susanne; Hoggan, Eve; Larsen-Ledet, Ida; Horizon 2020; Seventh Framework Programme; Innovationsfonden; European Research CouncilThe material qualities of technological mediators are vital to collaborative activity, but current paradigms for collaboration support leave the potential of material mediation largely untapped. The HCI literature addresses both material mediation for individuals and coordination between collaborators - but rarely does it discuss the more direct role of the material as standing between people: its communicative role. This paper unfolds a material/linguistic analysis of four empirical examples from previous work on collaborative writing to showcase how material qualities of both tools and the text-in-progress, used in both planned and improvised manners, help co-authors shift between levels of collaboration, from independent co-ordinated activity to highly collaborative co-constructive activity. On one hand, we see co-authors successfully collaborating through material means; on the other, we see frustrations resulting from limited material expressivity in current tools. This duality between the significance of material mediation and obstacles to drawing on its potential makes clear that our conception of materiality needs elaboration. We point to multimodality as one opportunity for this.Item Police killings reduce trust: Predictors of trust in the police across 46 countries(2023) Vilar, Roosevelt; Hanel, Paul H. P.; Coelho, Gabriel Lins Holanda; Monteiro, Renan P.; Liu, James H.After police killings such as the one of George Floyd, trust in the police in the USA has plummeted. This is problematic because lower trust can lead to a range of disadvantageous outcomes for countries such as lower compliance with the law and difficulties for the police in recruiting qualified people from diverse backgrounds. However, it is unclear whether police killings are associated with lower trust beyond the USA. Across two studies (N = 48,889) including data from 46 countries, we predicted and found that police killings are negatively associated with trust in the police while controlling for a range of other variables. Additionally, we found that conspiracy beliefs are negatively associated with trust in the police whereas right-wing authoritarianism, system justification, socioeconomic status, and human development are positively associated with trust in the police. Together, our findings provide even more reasons why police killings should be reduced.Item Development and preliminary validation of the food intolerance Quality of Life Questionnaire (FIQLQ): Adult Form(Springer Nature, 2017-11-18) Dunn Galvin, Audrey; Barnett, Julie; Begen, Fiona M.; Ryan, Kathleen; Lucas, Jane S.; Food Standards Agency; AAIR CharityBackground: Approximately 20% of children and adults avoid certain foods because of perceived food intolerance. Valid and reliable health-related quality of life instruments are needed to measure changes following clinical, therapeutic or policy interventions. However, there are no disease-specific quality of life instruments for adults with food intolerances. Objective: To develop the Food Intolerance Quality of Life Questionnaire FIQLQ. Then to conduct psychometric validation including reliability and construct validity. Methods: We adapted the existing Food Allergy Quality of Life questionnaire (FAQLQ) for interviews with 14 adults with food intolerance. For preliminary psychometric validation, 229 adults with food intolerances completed the online electronic version of FIQLQ. Results: The resultant FIQLQ had 18 items which loaded onto 3 subscales—Emotional Impact, Social and Dietary Restrictions, Reactions and Avoidance. Each subscale had excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α 0.81–0.94). Content, convergent and construct validity was supported by significant correlations of FIQLQ subscale scores with hypothesised variables including age, numbers of symptoms and level of stress experienced due to intolerance. Conclusion: The FIQLQ has good reliability, construct validity and internal consistency. It is short and easy to use, providing a good tool for evaluating quality of life in the clinical research setting and to inform health and regulatory policies.Item Gambling and negative life events in a nationally representative sample of UK men(Elsevier Ltd., 2017-07-14) Roberts, Amanda; Sharman, Stephen; Coid, Jeremy; Murphy, Raegan; Bowden-Jones, Henrietta; Cowlishaw, Sean; Landon, JasonIntroduction: The links between gambling problems, trauma and life stressors are known to exist but understanding the extent of these relationships will allow for greater efficacy in early intervention and treatment. We investigated these relationships among men and sought to determine whether links were attenuated by alcohol and drug use problems. Methods: A cross-sectional UK representative general population survey was conducted in 2009 with 3025 men aged 18–64 years. Measurements included self-reported gambling behaviours, as measured by the South Oaks Gambling Scale (SOGS) and traumatic or stressful life events. Covariates included alcohol and drug dependence and socio-demographics. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine associations. Results: Problem gambling (SOGS 3–4) and probable pathological gambling (SOGS 5 +) were associated with increased odds of trauma in childhood (e.g. violence in the home (Adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR) 3.0 (CI = 1.8–5.0) and 2.6 (CI = 1.7–4.1) respectively), and life stressors in adulthood (e.g. intimate partner violence (AORs 4.5 (CI = 2.0–10.3) and 4.7 (CI = 2.3–9.7) and homelessness (AORs 2.2 (CI = 1.1–4.6) and 3.2 (CI = 1.9–5.5)). Results were attenuated when adjusted for probable alcohol and drug dependence with the latter having largest effects. Conclusions: Among men in the United Kingdom, disordered gambling remains uniquely associated with trauma and life stressors in childhood and adulthood after adjusting for alcohol and drug dependence. The results support a need for disordered gambling treatment services to undertake routine screening for alcohol, drugs, IPV and traumatic life events and to tailor treatment that specifically targets the effects of stress for clients who present with such a cluster of issues.