Applied Psychology - Journal Articles
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Item Development and preliminary validation of the food intolerance Quality of Life Questionnaire (FIQLQ): Adult Form(Springer Nature, 2017-11-18) Dunn Galvin, Audrey; Barnett, Julie; Begen, Fiona M.; Ryan, Kathleen; Lucas, Jane S.; Food Standards Agency; AAIR CharityBackground: Approximately 20% of children and adults avoid certain foods because of perceived food intolerance. Valid and reliable health-related quality of life instruments are needed to measure changes following clinical, therapeutic or policy interventions. However, there are no disease-specific quality of life instruments for adults with food intolerances. Objective: To develop the Food Intolerance Quality of Life Questionnaire FIQLQ. Then to conduct psychometric validation including reliability and construct validity. Methods: We adapted the existing Food Allergy Quality of Life questionnaire (FAQLQ) for interviews with 14 adults with food intolerance. For preliminary psychometric validation, 229 adults with food intolerances completed the online electronic version of FIQLQ. Results: The resultant FIQLQ had 18 items which loaded onto 3 subscales—Emotional Impact, Social and Dietary Restrictions, Reactions and Avoidance. Each subscale had excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α 0.81–0.94). Content, convergent and construct validity was supported by significant correlations of FIQLQ subscale scores with hypothesised variables including age, numbers of symptoms and level of stress experienced due to intolerance. Conclusion: The FIQLQ has good reliability, construct validity and internal consistency. It is short and easy to use, providing a good tool for evaluating quality of life in the clinical research setting and to inform health and regulatory policies.Item Gambling and negative life events in a nationally representative sample of UK men(Elsevier Ltd., 2017-07-14) Roberts, Amanda; Sharman, Stephen; Coid, Jeremy; Murphy, Raegan; Bowden-Jones, Henrietta; Cowlishaw, Sean; Landon, JasonIntroduction: The links between gambling problems, trauma and life stressors are known to exist but understanding the extent of these relationships will allow for greater efficacy in early intervention and treatment. We investigated these relationships among men and sought to determine whether links were attenuated by alcohol and drug use problems. Methods: A cross-sectional UK representative general population survey was conducted in 2009 with 3025 men aged 18–64 years. Measurements included self-reported gambling behaviours, as measured by the South Oaks Gambling Scale (SOGS) and traumatic or stressful life events. Covariates included alcohol and drug dependence and socio-demographics. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine associations. Results: Problem gambling (SOGS 3–4) and probable pathological gambling (SOGS 5 +) were associated with increased odds of trauma in childhood (e.g. violence in the home (Adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR) 3.0 (CI = 1.8–5.0) and 2.6 (CI = 1.7–4.1) respectively), and life stressors in adulthood (e.g. intimate partner violence (AORs 4.5 (CI = 2.0–10.3) and 4.7 (CI = 2.3–9.7) and homelessness (AORs 2.2 (CI = 1.1–4.6) and 3.2 (CI = 1.9–5.5)). Results were attenuated when adjusted for probable alcohol and drug dependence with the latter having largest effects. Conclusions: Among men in the United Kingdom, disordered gambling remains uniquely associated with trauma and life stressors in childhood and adulthood after adjusting for alcohol and drug dependence. The results support a need for disordered gambling treatment services to undertake routine screening for alcohol, drugs, IPV and traumatic life events and to tailor treatment that specifically targets the effects of stress for clients who present with such a cluster of issues.Item Security information sharing via Twitter: 'Heartbleed' as a case study(Inderscience, 2017-06-08) Briggs, Pam; Coventry, Lynne; Jeske, Debora; McNeill, Andrew R.The current paper outlines an exploratory case study in which we examined the extent to which specific communities of Twitter users engaged with the debate about the security threat known as 'Heartbleed' in the first few days after this threat was exposed. The case study explored which professional groups appeared to lead the debate about Heartbleed, the nature of the communication (tweets and retweets), and evidence about behaviour change. Using keywords from the Twitter user profiles, six occupational groups were identified, each of which were likely to have a direct interest in learning about Heartbleed (including legal, financial, entrepreneurial, press, and IT professionals). The groups participated to different degrees in the debate about Heartbleed. This exploratory case study provides an insight into information sharing, potential communities of influence, and points for future research in the absence of a voice of authority in the field of cybersecurity.Item Infrastructural justice for responsible software engineering(Elsevier, 2024-06-04) Robinson, Sarah; Buckley, Jim; Ciolfi, Luigina; Linehan, Conor; McInerney, Clare; Nuseibeh, Bashar; Twomey, John; Rauf, Irum; McCarthy, John; Science Foundation Ireland; European Regional Development Fund; UK Research and InnovationIn recent years, we have seen many examples of software products unintentionally causing demonstrable harm. Many guidelines for ethical and responsible computing have been developed in response. Dominant approaches typically attribute liability and blame to individual companies or actors, rather than understanding how the working practices, norms, and cultural understandings in the software industry contribute to such outcomes. In this paper, we propose an understanding of responsibility that is infrastructural, relational, and cultural; thus, providing a foundation to better enable responsible software engineering into the future. Our approach draws on Young's (2006) social connection model of responsibility and Star and Ruhleder's (1994) concept of infrastructure. By bringing these theories together we introduce a concept called infrastructural injustice, which offers a new way for software engineers to consider their opportunities for responsible action with respect to society and the planet. We illustrate the utility of this approach by applying it to an Open-Source software communities’ development of Deepfake technology, to find key leverage points of responsibility that are relevant to both Deepfake technology and software engineering more broadly.Item Reasons why men who present with self-harm leave accident and emergency before next care recommendations: An interpretive phenomenological analysis(The Psychological Society of Ireland, 2024-06) Moynihan, Daniel; Lambert, Sharon; Flynn, Daniel; Arensman, Ella; Cassidy, Eugene; Kinahan, James