Classics - Journal Articles

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    Reading the inscriptions on the York group of Anglo-Saxon gold shillings
    (British Numismatic Society, 2020) Woods, David
    The main purpose of this paper is to offer a new reading (indeed, the only complete reading) of the inscription on the reverse of varieties Bii and Ci of the so-called York group of seventh-century Anglo-Saxon gold shillings.
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    Two misunderstood visual puns in public protests against Nero in A.D. 68 (SUET. NERO 45.2)
    (Royal Danish Library, 2023-12-21) Woods, David
    Suetonius records a short list of four different examples of public protest against Nero at Rome during early A.D. 68 (Nero 45.2). One allegedly involved the adornment of a statue of Nero with an inscription and a lock of hair (cirrus), the other the adornment of his statue with an inscription and a leathern canteen (ascopa). It is argued here that the true significance of these two protests has been lost because the key terms used to describe the objects placed on the statues were altered during the transmission of the accounts of these events resulting in the obscuring of the puns that had been central to their understanding.
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    A new mint for Julian II: Rauracum rather than Ravenna
    (Royal Numismatic Society, 2018-12) Woods, David
    The existence of solidi struck by Julian II as Augustus with the mint-mark RAV has been confirmed by an example recently sold at auction. It is argued here that this mint-mark probably abbreviates the name of Rauracum (modern Kaiseraugst in Switzerland) rather than of Ravenna as currently assumed.
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    The Byzantine eagle countermark: Creating a pseudo-consular coinage under the Heraclii?
    (Duke University, 2015-12) Woods, David
    This paper publishes two new examples of the use of the eagle countermark on folles struck before the reform of 539, and offers a new explanation for the use of this countermark: that it was used by Nicetas, the cousin of the future emperor Heraclius, as his forces advanced into Egypt and from there to Palestine in 610 in order to mark the change in authority from the military tyrant Phocas to the Heraclii as consuls.
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    Hammer and sword on the coinage of Viking York, c. 919-27
    (Royal Numismatic Society, 2016-12) Woods, David
    It is argued that the hammer first depicted on the last coin type of Regnald I (c.919-21) at York was a craftsman's tool symbolising urban prosperity, that the accompanying depiction of a bow and arrow symbolised rural wealth, that the sword of the subsequent sword St. Peter type was the sword of St. Peter intended as a symbol of the Christian rejection of violence, and that the hammer depicted in association with the sword on this type refers to Isaiah 2.4 in order to reinforce this rejection of violence.