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Item A case report of monkeypox as a result of conflict in the context of a measles campaign(Elsevier, 2022-09-12) Jarman, E. L.; Alain, M.; Conroy, Niall; Omam, L. A.; UNICEFIntroduction: Northwest and Southwest Cameroon suffer with ongoing conflict, associated with internal displacement of communities into bushland, violence and destruction of the health system. Case presentation: During a measles immunisation and surveillance campaign, following a measles outbreak, a 14-year-old boy was identified as having fever and a rash. This developed following close contact with a giant forest rat. He was diagnosed with monkeypox and this was confirmed by PCR. He was treated with oral cloxacillin and topical tetracycline for superadded bacterial skin and eye infections, and isolation policies were put in place. His rash improved over 7 days, when it scabbed over and his fever settled. Discussion: Recent displacement into a bush settlement away from agricultural opportunities increased his family’s reliance on bush meat. Displacement away from established surveillance systems increased the risk of undetected transmission. This is the second confirmed case of Monkeypox in Cameroon in the last year, and the first in the Southwest region. Conclusion: Conflict led to the breakdown of surveillance systems, a lack of health personnel, destruction of health facilities and displacement of communities, which raised the risk of monkeypox outbreaks within Northwest and Southwest Cameroon. Surveillance for monkeypox is challenging due to clinical similarity to chickenpox. There is a risk of emergence in new regions with suitable hosts. The factors underlying the establishment of monkeypox infections in new regions are multifactorial and require a strong public health response for prevention and control. A OneHealth approach to emerging infectious diseases is essential.Item The relationship between oral‐health‐related quality of life and general health in an elderly population: A cross‐sectional study(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019-02-19) da Mata, Cristiane; Allen, Patrick Finbar; McKenna, Gerald John; Hayes, Martina; Kashan, AliObjective: To assess the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a cohort of Irish older patients and explore associations with overall health status. Background: The impact of oral health conditions on older individuals’ quality of life may be influenced by patients’ general health status. Materials and Methods: This paper reports a cross-sectional study, which analysed baseline data from patients aged over 60 years. Patients were recruited from two different environments, namely Cork University Dental Hospital and St. Finbarr's Hospital, to take part in two research studies. All patients completed the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaires. All patients provided a comprehensive overview of their general medical status. Data from the Quality of Life questionnaires were analysed to check for differences between healthy and frail elders and explore associations between OHRQoL and general health. Results: The patient sample comprised 146 (44.6%) male and 181 (55.4%) female participants, with a mean (SD) age of 73.96 (6.9). Frail patients reported a higher mean OHIP-14 score compared to non-frail patients (P < 0.001). Pearson's correlation analysis showed a negative association between OHIP-14 and EQ-5D scores. Regression analysis showed that among frail individuals, better general health corresponded to poorer OHRQoL. In the non-frail cohort, better general health was related to better OHRQoL, although these results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: General health was not significantly associated with the way that patients perceive their oral health within this patient cohort. However, factors such as objective oral health, denture wear and patient's expectations may play a role in this association.Item Interaction between caffeine and polymorphisms of glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) on Parkinson's disease risk(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018-03-05) Kim, Iris Y.; O'Reilly, Éilis J.; Hughes, Katherine C.; Gao, Xiang; Schwarzschild, Michael A.; McCullough, Marjorie L.; Hannan, Marian T.; Betensky, Rebecca A.; Ascherio, Alberto; U.S. Department of Defense; National Institutes of HealthBackground: Caffeine intake has been inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. This relationship may be modified by polymorphisms of glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), but the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. Method: We examined the interaction of caffeine intake with GRIN2A-rs4998386 and CYP1A2-rs762551 polymorphisms in influencing PD risk among 829 incident cases of PD and 2,754 matched controls selected among participants in the following 3 large prospective ongoing cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study, the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study, and the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Matching factors included cohort, birth year, source of DNA, date of DNA collection, and race. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic models. Interactions were tested both on the multiplicative scale and on the additive scale. Results: Overall, caffeine intake was associated with a lower PD risk (adjusted relative risk for highest versus lowest tertile = 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.86; p < .001). In analyses stratified by the GRIN2A-rs4998386 genotype, the multivariable-adjusted relative risk of PD comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of caffeine was 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.88; p < .01) among individuals homozygous for the C allele, and 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.55-1.32; p = .47; pRERI = .43) among carriers for the T allele. Interactions between caffeine and GRIN2A were not significant in either the multiplicative or additive scales. We also did not observe significant interactions for CYP1A2-rs762551 and incident PD risk. Conclusion: Our findings do not support the hypothesis of an interaction between the GRIN2A-rs4998386 or CYP1A2-rs762551 polymorphism and caffeine intake in determining PD risk. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder SocietyItem Cytoreductive surgery plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2024-06-27T00:00:00Z) Pappa, Christina; Galaal, Khadra; Smyth, Sarah; Bristow, Robert E.; Khashan, Ali S.; Alazzam, Mo'iadThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of secondary CRS and chemotherapy in comparison to chemotherapy alone for women with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.Item The effectiveness of social prescribing in the management of long-term conditions in community-based adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis(SAGE Publications, 11-06-2024) O’Sullivan, Declan J.; Bearne, Lindsay M.; Harrington, Janas M.; Cardoso, Jefferson Rosa; McVeigh, Joseph G.Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of social prescribing interventions in the management of long-term conditions in adults. Data Sources: Eleven electronic databases were searched for randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Review Methods: Outcomes of interest were quality of life, physical activity, psychological well-being and disease-specific measures. Bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. A narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were performed. Results: Twelve studies (n=3566) were included in this review. Social prescribing interventions were heterogeneous and the most common risks of bias were poor blinding and high attrition. Social prescribing interventions designed to target specific long-term conditions i.e. cancer and diabetes demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life (n=2 studies) and disease specific psychological outcomes respectively (n=3 studies). There was some evidence for improvement in physical activity (n=2 studies) but most changes were within group only (n=4 studies). Social prescribing interventions did not demonstrate any significant changes in general psychological well-being. Conclusion: Social prescribing interventions demonstrated some improvements across a range of outcomes although the quality of evidence remains poor.