Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Conference Items
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Item Bio-inspired internet of fish towards a climate resilient future(2024) Cheng, Steven MatthewThis essay reports on the utilization of microwave, optical, and acoustic technology in establishing an underwater interconnected network, internet-of-fish (IoF), to provide comprehensive and real-time information on marine quality for climate monitoring and freshwater preservation. In particular, bio-inspired ocean explorers, capable of traversing different levels of the ocean from shallow to deep waters, are incorporated with communication front-ends to allow inter-explorer communication. Additionally, microwave sensors are discussed as complementary sensing to conventional sensors to provide a more comprehensive and cost-effective characterization of water quality. Moreover, wireless charging mechanisms and mmWave and microwave power beaming are also discussed to provide sustainable and efficient power. Data from these explorers are to be transmitted to nearby hovering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) wherein cross-boundary communication methodology is discussed. With the well-established IoF, a deeper understanding of the earth and its climate is achieved leading to adaptation, mitigation, and prevention of further climate degradation.Item Detection of neurovascular coupling in full-term neonates using wavelet coherence and phase-locking value(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024-12-17) Yu, Kaiyu; Mathieson, Sean; Flynn, Andrew; Dempsey, Eugene; Garvey, Aisling; Boylan, Geraldine; Marnane, William P.; Lightbody, Gordon; Science Foundation IrelandThis study proposes a new method to monitor neurovascular coupling and to help determine the level of brain injury in full-term neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). The wavelet coherence method is used to assess the coupling between the regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) as measured by NIRS and the lower envelope of EEG power in that region of the brain. This paper also provides methods for the visualization of the phase-locking value between these signals based on both the cross-wavelet and the Hilbert Transform methods. The preliminary results presented in this paper show that the lower envelope of EEG power is much better than the standard EEG power signal for the differentiation between Normal-Mild and Abnormal-Moderate HIE cases using wavelet coherence. On our limited dataset, a clear reduction in both the phase-locking value and the mean coherence was observed in the 0.25-1 mHz frequency range with the increase in severity of the brain injury, from mild to moderate HIE.Item Assessing the effectiveness of heart rate variability as a diagnostic tool for brain injuries in infants(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024-12-17) Rezaei, Kimia; Yu, Kaiyu; Mathieson, Sean R.; Flynn, Andrew; Lightbody, Gordon; Boylan, Geraldine B.; Marnane, William P.; Science Foundation IrelandHypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), marked by cerebral oxygen deprivation, prompts exploration beyond the electroencephalogram (EEG) modality. This study investigates heart rate variability (HRV) to assess its potential for seizure detection and HIE grading for neonates. This study utilizes two annotated datasets from real-world clinical settings. Heart Rate (HR) is calculated from the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, which are then denoised and segmented. Sixteen time and frequency domain features are extracted from each HR segment. Employing Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Isolation Forest (IF) classifiers, the investigation addresses the detection of seizure and nonseizure segments in ECG, alongside categorizing HIE severity into two mild and normal or moderate and severe grades. While the patient-independent evaluation of the seizure detection system reveals promising outcomes for specific cases, there is a requirement for further refinement in this aspect and exploration into the correlation between HR and EEG, considering the modest AUC of 68.54 percent gained across the entire dataset. In contrast, the HIE grading results present a more promising scenario, attaining an AUC of 77.13 percent. This emphasizes the efficacy of the HIE grading system as a significant diagnostic tool, suggesting its potential for broader clinical applications.Item All optically powered chip-on-tip microcamera for surgical guidance(Optica Publishing Group, 2023) Sekar, Sanathana Konugolu Venkata; Baskaran, Meena; Ma, Hui; Rensing, Marc; Gradkowski, Kamil; Khan, Asif; Antony, Cleitus; Townsend, Paul D.; Corbett, Brian; Andersson-engels, StefanWe present an all-optical powered 6 Fr microcamera based chip-on-tip endoscope system. The optical powering is achieved by fiber illuminating a customized multisegmented photovoltaic cell. The powering system produces 10 mW of electrical power sufficient to power microcamera. We demonstrated the performance of the system on calcification tissue-mimicking phantoms.Item Stability analysis of virtual power plant with grid forming converters(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024-10-04) Tozak, Macit; Taskin, Sezai; Sengor, Ibrahim; Hayes, Barry P.A virtual power plant is a system containing multiple distributed generators aggregated and flexibly coordinated to act as a single power source. This study investigates the active power, reactive power, frequency, and voltage support provided by a virtual power plant interconnected with the grid. The investigation encompasses the analysis of grid-forming (GFM)-controlled wind and solar power plant units, considering the fluctuating power generation from solar and wind sources. The real hourly wind and solar generation profiles from currently operational plants are used as the active power set points. The stability and power reference tracking of grid-connected converters are analyzed using dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC) and droop control-based methods. The results show that both control strategies substantially improve the virtual power plant's ability to ensure grid stability and accurately track power references, despite the inherent variability of wind and solar energy generation.