Food and Nutritional Sciences - Journal Articles
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Item Exploring the health benefits of quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.): A review of the recent literature(Taylor & Francis, 2024-11-11) Melios, Stergios; Clegg, Miriam; Grasso, SimonaQuinoa is a particularly nutrient-rich grain crop, which is abundant in micronutrients, fibre, and essential amino acids, making it an excellent staple food source. The current review provides an outline of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of quinoa and a critical evaluation of health benefits following its consumption focusing on diabetes and diabetes risk factors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, cancer risk, body weight regulation and obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Quinoa has been demonstrated to have as hypoglycaemic effect and inducing favourable changes in cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels, inflammatory markers as well as body weight in humans.Item Protein and oligosaccharide composition of colostrum and transition milk from pasture-based dairy cows supplemented prepartum with inorganic selenium, organic selenium or rumen-protected choline(Elsevier Ltd., 2024-05-07) McDermott, Fionnuala; Kennedy, Emer; Tobin, John T.; Egan, Michael; O'Callaghan, Tom F.; Brennan, Lorraine; Hogan, Sean A.; Teagasc; Science Foundation Ireland; Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, IrelandPrepartum diet and mineral supplementation can influence bovine colostrum proteins and oligosaccharides (OS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prepartum supplementation with 1) inorganic selenium (INORG), 2) organic selenium (ORG) or 3) rumen-protected choline (RPC) on these components. Fifty-seven (12 primiparous and 45 multiparous) cows were supplemented daily from 49 ± 12.9 d prior to calving until d of calving. Colostrum was collected within 1 h postpartum and transition milk (TM) samples 1–5 were collected over the following 2–3 d postpartum. Prepartum supplementation with INORG, ORG or RPC had no significant effect on the gross, OS or IgG composition of colostrum. Animals supplemented with ORG or RPC produced significantly higher concentrations of colostrum αs2-Casein and β-Casein. Each milking postpartum had a significant effect on the protein and OS composition of milk. This research demonstrates that supplementing these micro-nutrients prepartum does not have a deleterious effect on subsequent colostrum or TM composition.Item Sensory optimisation of salt-reduced corned beef for different consumer segments(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Conroy, Paula M.; O'Sullivan, Maurice G.; Hamill, Ruth M.; Kerry, Joseph P.; Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland; Australian GovernmentThe study objectives were to determine assessors' (n = 256) preference for corned beef, produced with sequential reductions in NaCl concentrations and to determine if preference was affected by assessor age. The use of a salt replacer such as potassium lactate was also assessed. The youngest age cohort disliked samples containing the highest level of NaCl, whereas the oldest age cohort did not detect differences between samples. The most negatively perceived sample was the control, suggesting that NaCl levels added to commercial corned beef are currently too high for consumer acceptance. All age cohorts, with the exception of the 65–74 age cohort, accepted corned beef samples possessing NaCl levels closest to the FSAI target (1.63 g/100 g). No major sensory differences were noted between samples with and without potassium lactate by the ≥65 age cohort. Potassium lactate may be added to corned beef without affecting sensory attributes, whilst enhancing nutritional content. Assessors of varying age groups have differing preferences for certain NaCl levels and salt replacers.Item Influence of particle size on the physicochemical properties and stickiness of dairy powders(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) O'Donoghue, Laura T.; Haque, Md Kamrul; Kennedy, Deirdre; Laffir, Fathima R.; Hogan, Sean A.; O'Mahony, James A.; Murphy, Eoin G.; Enterprise IrelandThe compositional and physicochemical properties of different whey permeate (WPP), demineralised whey (DWP) and skim milk powder (SMP) size fractions were investigated. Bulk composition of WPP and DWP was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by powder particle size; smaller particles had higher protein and lower lactose contents. Microscopic observations showed that WPP and DWP contained both larger lactose crystals and smaller amorphous particles. Bulk composition of SMP did not vary with particle size. Surface composition of the smallest SMP fraction (<75 μm) showed significantly lower protein (−9%) and higher fat (+5%) coverage compared with non-fractionated powders. For all powders, smaller particles were more susceptible to sticking. Hygroscopicity of SMP was not affected by particle size; hygroscopicity of semi-crystalline powders was inversely related to particle size. This study provides insights into differences between size fractions of dairy powders, which can potentially impact the sticking/caking behaviour of fine particles during processing. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Beyond the Bayley: Neurocognitive assessments of development during infancy and toddlerhood(Routledge, 2019-01-07) Brito, Natalie H.; Fifer, William P.; Amso, Dima; Barr, Rachel; Bell, Martha Ann; Calkins, Susan; Flynn, Albert; Montgomery-Downs, Hawley E.; Oakes, Lisa M.; Richards, John E.; Samuelson, Larissa M.; Colombo, JohnThe use of global, standardized instruments is conventional among clinicians and researchers interested in assessing neurocognitive development. Exclusively relying on these tests for evaluating effects may underestimate or miss specific effects on early cognition. The goal of this review is to identify alternative measures for possible inclusion in future clinical trials and interventions evaluating early neurocognitive development. The domains included for consideration are attention, memory, executive function, language, and socioemotional development. Although domain-based tests are limited, as psychometric properties have not yet been well-established, this review includes tasks and paradigms that have been reliably used across various developmental psychology laboratories.