http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2202 Mon, 30 Oct 2017 17:20:17 GMT 2017-10-30T17:20:17Z http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3790 A computerised test of perceptual ability for learning endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery and other image guided procedures: Score norms for PicSOr Henn, Patrick; Gallagher, Anthony G.; Nugent, Emmeline; Cowie, Roddy; Seymour, Neal E.; Haluck, Randy S.; Hseino, Hazem; Traynor, Oscar; Neary, Paul C. Background: The aptitude to infer the shape of 3-D structures, such as internal organs from 2-D monitor displays, in image guided endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures varies. We sought both to validate a computer-generated task Pictorial Surface Orientation (PicSOr), which assesses this aptitude, and to identify norm referenced scores. Methods: 400 subjects (339 surgeons and 61 controls) completed the PicSOr test. 50 subjects completed it again one year afterwards. Results: Complete data was available on 396 of 400 subjects (99%). PicSOr demonstrated high test and re-test reliability (r = 0.807, p < 0.000). Surgeons performed better than controls' (surgeons = 0.874 V controls = 0.747, p < 0.000). Some surgeons (n = 22–5.5%) performed atypically on the test. Conclusions: PicSOr has population distribution scores that are negatively skewed. PicSOr quantitatively characterises an aptitude strongly correlated to the learning and performance of image guided medical tasks. Most can do the PicSOr task almost perfectly, but a substantial minority do so atypically, and this is probably relevant to learning and performing endoscopic tasks. Tue, 14 Feb 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10468/3790 2017-02-14T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2479 Nerve localization techniques for peripheral nerve block and possible future directions Helen, Lisa; O'Donnell, Brian D.; Moore, Eric J. Ultrasound guidance is now a standard nerve localization technique for peripheral nerve block (PNB). Ultrasonography allows simultaneous visualization of the target nerve, needle, local anesthetic injectate and surrounding anatomical structures. Accurate deposition of local anesthetic next to the nerve is essential to the success of the nerve block procedure. Unfortunately, due to limitations in the visibility of both needle tip and nerve surface, the precise relationship between needle tip and target nerve is unknown at the moment of injection. Importantly, nerve injury may result both from an inappropriately placed needle tip and inappropriately placed local anesthetic. The relationship between the block needle tip and target nerve is of paramount importance to the safe conduct of peripheral nerve block. This review summarizes the evolution of nerve localization in regional anesthesia, characterizes a problem faced by clinicians in performing ultrasound guided nerve block and explores the potential technological solutions to this problem. Fri, 22 May 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10468/2479 2015-05-22T00:00:00Z