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Microbial metabolites as molecular mediators of host-microbe symbiosis in colorectal cancer
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Date
2020-12-03
Authors
Keane, Jonathan M.
Joyce, Susan A.
Gahan, Cormac G. M.
Hyland, Niall P.
Houston, Aileen M.
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
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Abstract
The symbiosis between the gut microbiota and the host has been identified as an integral part of normal human physiology and physiological development. Research in germ-free or gnotobiotic animals has demonstrated the importance of this symbiosis in immune, vascular, hepatic, respiratory and metabolic systems. Disruption of the microbiota can also contribute to disease, and the microbiota has been implicated in numerous intestinal and extra-intestinal pathologies including colorectal cancer. Interactions between host and microbiota can occur either directly or indirectly, via microbial-derived metabolites. In this chapter, we focus on two major products of microbial metabolism, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, and their role in colorectal cancer. Short-chain fatty acids are the products of microbial fermentation of complex carbohydrates and confer protection against cancer risk, while bile acids are compounds which are endogenous to the host, but undergo microbial modification in the large intestine leading to alterations in their bioactivity. Lastly, we discuss the ability of microbial modulation to mediate cancer risk and the potential to harness this ability as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment in colorectal cancer.
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Keywords
Butyrate , Bile , Gut microbiota , Colon , Tumorigenesis
Citation
Keane, J. M., Joyce, S. A., Gahan, C. G. M., Hyland, N. P. and Houston, A. (2020) 'Microbial metabolites as molecular mediators of host-microbe symbiosis in colorectal cancer', in Kloc M. (ed.) Symbiosis: Cellular, Molecular, Medical and Evolutionary Aspects. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, Vol 69, Springer, Cham, pp. 581-603. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_22
Copyright
© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_22