Trapped surfaces and spherical closed cosmologies
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Date
1993
Authors
Malec, Edward
Ó Murchadha, Niall
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American Physical Society
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Abstract
This Article (peer-reviewed) gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of trapped surfaces in spherically symmetric initial data defined on a closed manifold. Such trapped surfaces surround a region in which there occurs an enhancement of matter over the average. The conditions are posed directly in terms of physical variables and show that what one needs is a relatively large amount of excess matter confined to a small volume. The expansion of the Universe and an outward flow of matter oppose the formation of trapped surfaces; an inward flow of matter helps. The model can be regarded as a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Walker cosmology with localized spherical inhomogeneities. We show that the total excess mass cannot be too large.
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Malec, E. and Ó Murchadha, N. (1993) 'Trapped surfaces and spherical closed cosmologies', Physical Review D, 47(4), 1454-1464 (11pp). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.47.1454
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© 1993, American Physical Society