Vanadium oxide polycrystalline nanorods and ion-exchanged nanotubes for enhanced lithium intercalation.
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Date
2015-05
Authors
McNulty, David
Buckley, D. Noel
O'Dwyer, Colm
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Publisher
Electrochemical Society
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Abstract
In this work we investigate two alternative methods to remove amine molecules from as-synthesized vanadium oxide nanotubes (VONTs). Thermal treatment results in the formation of polycrystalline nanorods (poly-NRs) and ion exchange reactions with NaCl result in the formation of Na-VONTs. The removal of amine molecules is confirmed by monitoring the inorganic and organic phase changes and decomposition, respectively, using electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. We compare the electrochemical performance of as-synthesized VONTs, poly-NRs and Na-VONTs. This work demonstrates that the presence of amine molecules within the layers of vanadium oxide impedes the intercalation of lithium ions, and that their removal results in a significant improvement in electrochemical characteristics. Out of the three vanadium oxide nanostructures investigated, poly- NRs exhibit the most promising results for practical use as a cathode material.
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Keywords
Ion exchange , Cath-ode materials , Electrochemical characteristics , Electrochemical performance , Intercalation of lithium , Ion exchange reactions , Lithium intercalation , Polycrystalline , Vanadium oxide nanotubes , Cathodes , Ions , Lithium , Lithium alloys , Lithium compounds , Lithium-ion batteries , Molecules , Nanorods , Nanotubes , Oxides , Positive ions , Synthesis (chemical) , Vanadium , X ray diffraction , X ray diffraction analysis , Yarn
Citation
McNulty, D., Buckley, D. N. and O'Dwyer, C. (2015) 'Vanadium Oxide Polycrystalline Nanorods and Ion-Exchanged Nanotubes for Enhanced Lithium Intercalation', ECS Transactions, 64(22), pp. 1-12. doi: 10.1149/06422.0001ecst
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© 2015 ECS - The Electrochemical Society