Priming for life: Early life nutrition and the microbiota-gut-brain axis
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Published Version
Date
2021-01-28T00:00:00Z
Authors
Ratsika, Anna
Codagnone, Martin C.
O'Mahony, Siobhain
Stanton, Catherine
Cryan, John F.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Published Version
Abstract
Microbes colonize the human body during the first moments of life and coexist with the host throughout the lifespan. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites aid in the programming of important bodily systems such as the immune and the central nervous system during critical temporal windows of development, with possible structural and functional implications throughout the lifespan. These critical developmental windows perinatally (during the first 1000 days) are susceptible timepoints for insults that can endure long lasting effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Environmental and parental factors like host genetics, mental health, nutrition, delivery and feeding mode, exposure to antibiotics, immune activation and microbiota composition antenatally, are all factors that are able to modulate the microbiota composition of mother and infant and may thus regulate important bodily functions. Among all these factors, early life nutrition plays a pivotal role in perinatal programming and in the modulation of offspring microbiota from birth throughout lifespan. This review aims to present current data on the impact of early life nutrition and microbiota priming of important bodily systems and all the factors influencing the microbial coexistence with the host during early life development.
Description
Keywords
Brain development , Breast milk , Early life , Infant formula , Microbiota-gut-brain axis , Nutrition
Citation
Ratsika, A., Codagnone, M. C., O’Mahony, S., Stanton, C. and Cryan, J. F. (2021) 'Priming for life: Early life nutrition and the microbiota-gut-brain axis', Nutrients, 13(2), 423 (33pp). doi: 10.3390/nu13020423