Spawning-related movements in a salmonid appear timed to reduce exposure to visually oriented predators
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Published version
Date
2020-11-07
Authors
Finlay, Ross W.
Poole, Russell
French, Andrew S.
Phillips, Karl P.
Kaufmann, Joshka
Doogan, Aisling
Cotter, Deirdre
McGinnity, Philip
Reed, Thomas E.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Published Version
Abstract
Animals often exhibit extensive flexibility in movement behaviours on a range of temporal and spatial scales in response to cues that reliably predict fitness outcomes. The annual timing of movements between distinct habitats can be crucial, particularly in seasonal environments with narrow ecological windows of opportunity. In polygamous species, sexual selection may further shape sex-specific phenology and movement behaviours. Here, we characterized seasonal, daily and diel movement patterns in adult brown trout, Salmo trutta, between a lake feeding habitat and two spawning streams in northwestern Ireland, using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry. Antennae positioned at the inflow and outflow of the lake were used to monitor movements of 197 lake-tagged adults between lake and stream habitats. Across 2 years in both streams, movements were overwhelmingly nocturnal and exhibited distinct seasonality, with a peak in daily detections close to the winter solstice. In both streams, seasonal movement activity of males began and peaked before that of females (protandry). Daily detection probabilities for both sexes increased as the moon waned (decreasing lunar illumination) and as river depth increased, the latter being associated with reduced water clarity. These findings are consistent with fish favouring movement between fluvial and lacustrine habitats when light (both solar and lunar) or hydrological conditions decrease their exposure to visually oriented predators. The observed protandry also suggests a role for intrasexual male competition, whereby earlier male arrival could increase mating opportunities.
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Keywords
Environmental cues , Migration timing , Phenology , Predator avoidance , Protandry , Reproduction , Salmo trutta , Trout , Nocturnal passerine migrants , Diel vertical migration , Brown trout , Atlantic salmon , Reproductive success , Trutta l. , Habitat selection , Ontogenic niche , Sockeye salmon , Bird migration
Citation
Finlay, R. W., Poole, R., French, A. S., Phillips, K. P., Kaufmann, J., Doogan, A., Cotter, D., McGinnity, P. and Reed, T. E. (2020) 'Spawning-related movements in a salmonid appear timed to reduce exposure to visually oriented predators', Animal Behaviour, 170, pp. 65-79. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.10.004