Tyndall National Institute - Journal Articles
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Item Distinguishing the energy and non-energy actions in balancing energy markets(Elsevier B.V., 2024-09-11) Haji Bashi, Mazaher; Gharibpour, Hassan; Carroll, David; Kerin, Martin J.; Lyons, PadraigIn the European context, balancing energy markets are established to optimise transmission system operator balancing actions closer to real-time. These actions aim to match total generation and consumption subject to a suite of security constraints (e.g., reserve requirements). However, there is no clear border between those actions that are taken due to the reserve requirements (non-energy actions) and those that are primarily taken to supply the demand mismatches (energy actions). To recognise the effect of non-energy actions, existing methods require comparing the results of counterfactual optimisation problems in which the non-energy-action-related constraints were deliberately omitted. This paper proposes a one-off solution enabling TSOs to distinguish energy actions from non-energy ones in the balancing market scheduling problem. By decomposition of the dual variables and clustering the constraints as proposed in this paper, there is no need to solve repetitive counterfactual optimisation problems. Case studies show that in addition to the non-energy actions caused by non-energy-based balancing requirements, the proposed method is able to recognise the energy actions that should be taken due to the non-energy root causes. This feature enables TSOs to efficiently retrace the effect of non-energy actions on the energy-based dispatch instructions issued according to the balancing market schedule.Item Atomic layer deposition of alumina-coated thin-film cathodes for lithium microbatteries(MDPI, 2023-07-23) O'Donoghue, Aaron; Shine, Micheál; Povey, Ian M.; Rohan, James F.; Science Foundation Ireland; European Regional Development Fund; Horizon 2020This work shows the electrochemical performance of sputter-deposited, binder-free lithium cobalt oxide thin films with an alumina coating deposited via atomic layer deposition for use in lithium-metal-based microbatteries. The Al2O3 coating can improve the charge–discharge kinetics and suppress the phase transition that occurs at higher potential limits where the crystalline structure of the lithium cobalt oxide is damaged due to the formation of Co4+, causing irreversible capacity loss. The electrochemical performance of the thin film is analysed by imposing 4.2, 4.4 and 4.5 V upper potential limits, which deliver improved performances for 3 nm of Al2O3, while also highlighting evidence of Al doping. Al2O3-coated lithium cobalt oxide of 3 nm is cycled at 147 µA cm−2 (~2.7 C) to an upper potential limit of 4.4 V with an initial capacity of 132 mAh g−1 (65.7 µAh cm−2 µm−1) and a capacity retention of 87% and 70% at cycle 100 and 400, respectively. This shows the high-rate capability and cycling benefits of a 3 nm Al2O3 coating.Item Nanoengineering of thin film V2O5 cathode interfaces via atomic layer deposition for use with polymer gel ionic liquid electrolytes(Wiley, 2024-10-31) O'Donoghue, Aaron; Shine, Micheál; Povey, Ian M.; Rohan, James F.; Science Foundation Ireland; European Regional Development Fund; Horizon 2020In this work we show high capacity and cycle-life performance, for electrodeposited, crystalline V2O5 thin film cathodes protected by a 1 nm ALD alumina deposit for use with Li-metal and ionic liquid electrolyte based microbatteries. Al2O3 coatings thicker than 1 nm are shown to decrease the performance of the V2O5 thin film cathodes. The ionic liquid outperforms an organic electrolyte at 1 C rates with an initial capacity of 148 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 97 % at cycle 50. A polymer gel analogue of the ionic liquid electrolyte in combination with the 1 nm Al2O3 coated V2O5 had an initial capacity of 139 mAh/g with a capacity retention of 93.5 % to cycle 800, illustrating high capacity and extended cycle life.Item Experimental investigation of amine-based graphene nanosuspension for CO2 absorption(Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 2024-07) Mazri, Nur Azni Farhana; Arifutzzaman, A.; Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine; Sunway University, MalaysiaAbsorption is the most widely used carbon dioxide (CO2) removal technology. The CO2 absorption performance of monoethanolamine (MEA), the most commonly used CO2absorbent, can be improved by suspending nanoparticles. This work examined the performance of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as additives to enhanceCO2absorption in MEA. The GNPs were characterized by HRTEM, FTIR, and XRD. The study examined the influence of GNP concentrations on CO2 absorption at room temperature. The images from HRTEM confirmed that the implemented graphene consists of several layers of graphene sheets. Increasing the loading of particles increased the solubility of CO2until the optimum concentration was reached. From this work, it is evident that incorporating GNPs into MEA enhances the CO2absorption performance of MEA. Thus, the addition of nanoparticles to the absorbent can enhance its CO2absorptivity.Item A battery-less contact lens sensor prototype with enhanced performance for cattle health monitoring(IEEE, 2024-07-23) Kumar, Sanjeev; Gawade, Dinesh R.; Simorangkir, Roy B. V. B.; Moloudian, Gholamhosein; Belcastro, Marco; Torchia, Pasqualino; Federico, Andrea; Buckley, John L.; O'Flynn, Brendan; Science Foundation Ireland; Enterprise IrelandThis paper presents a low-cost, non-invasive, and fully integrated smart NFC sensor tag for cattle health monitoring. The proposed sensor solution operates without a battery and has the potential to measure the body temperature and health status of cattle. This paper expands on previous work in this area by the authors and demonstrates significant performance improvements, including flexibility for sensor replacement, simplified programming interfaces, and an extended wireless range. Among the various electronic components on the proposed NFC sensor tag, the microcontroller is identified as the most power-consuming, constituting over 76% of the total power consumption. Therefore, voltage and frequency scaling for the microcontroller have been employed to minimize the overall DC power consumption of the sensor tag. Furthermore, with an NFC-enabled smartphone, the developed sensor prototype achieves a measured wireless range of approximately 12 mm. Future work will investigate the further optimization of the smart contact lens for in-vivo operation.