Diameter-controlled solid-phase seeding of germanium nanowires: structural characterization and electrical transport properties
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Accepted version
Date
2011-06-30
Authors
Barth, Sven
Koleśnik-Gray, Maria M.
Donegan, Keith P.
Krstić, Vojislav
Holmes, Justin D.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published Version
Abstract
Despite the huge progress recently made in understanding the phenomena of metal-promoted growth of one-dimensional (1D) semiconductors, the controlled formation of small diameter semiconductor nanowires is still challenging. Liquid growth promoters, such as the low melting Au/Ge eutectic, allow control of the aspect ratio, diameter, and structure of 1D crystals via external parameters, such as precursor feedstock, temperature, and operating pressure. However, the incorporation of metal atoms during the growth process, size variations of the nanowires due to agglomeration of the nucleating metal seeds, and surface diffusion of Au via the vapor–liquid–solid route have been reported. Here, we detail the influence of solid growth seeds, such as NiGe2 formed from Ni nanoparticles, on the lateral dimensions of Ge nanowires grown using a supercritical fluid growth process. Beneficial control over the mean nanowire diameter, in the sub-20 nm regime, with a predominantly ⟨110⟩ growth direction and low structural defect concentration was obtained using Ni seeds. In addition, the effect of prealloying of Ni–Fe films for the growth of Ge nanowires was investigated, which leads to a bimodal nanowire distribution. Electrical characterization performed on single nanowire devices showed p-type behavior for Ge nanowires grown from Ni and Ni/Fe seeds. Determination of resistivities, majority carrier concentrations, and mobilities suggest significant doping of the Ge nanowires by Ni when grown via a supercritical fluid–solid–solid (SFSS) mechanism.
Description
Keywords
Germanium , Nanowire , Nickel , SFSS , Solid-phase-seeding
Citation
Barth, S., Koleśnik, M. M., Donegan, K., Krstić, V. and Holmes, J. D. (2011) 'Diameter-Controlled Solid-Phase Seeding of Germanium Nanowires: Structural Characterization and Electrical Transport Properties', Chemistry of Materials, 23(14), pp. 3335-3340. doi:10.1021/cm200646e
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Copyright
© 2011 American Chemical Society. This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Chemistry of Materials, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm200646e