Mathematical Sciences- Journal Articles
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- ItemRecovery of steady rotational wave profiles from pressure measurements at the bed(Cambridge University Press, 2023-04-24) Clamond , Didier; Labarbe, Joris , Joris; Henry , David; Science Foundation Ireland; Agence Nationale de la RechercheWe derive equations relating the pressure at a flat seabed and the free-surface profile for steady gravity waves with constant vorticity. The resulting set of nonlinear equations enables the recovery of the free surface from pressure measurements at the bed. Furthermore, the flow vorticity is determined solely from the bottom pressure as part of the recovery method. This approach is applicable even in the presence of stagnation points and its efficiency is illustrated via numerical examples.
- ItemOptimal management of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis(Elsevier B.V., 2023-01-20) Gasior, Sara A.; O’Donnell, John P. M.; Davey, Matthew; Clarke, James; Jalali, Amirhossein; Ryan, Éanna; Aherne, Thomas M.; Walsh, Stewart R.Objective: Management of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS), including carotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid artery stenting (CAS), and best medical treatment (BMT), remains inconsistent in current practice. Early studies reported a benefit of CEA vs. BMT; however, the current risk–benefit profile of invasive therapy lacks consensus. By evaluating the effects of modern BMT vs. invasive intervention on patient outcomes, this study aimed to influence the future management of ACAS. Methods: A systematic review and series of network meta-analyses were performed assessing peri-operative (within 30 days) and long term (30 days – 5 years) stroke and mortality risk between ACAS interventions. Total stroke, major, minor, ipsilateral, and contralateral stroke subtypes were assessed independently. Traditional (pre-2000) and modern (post-2000) BMT were compared to assess clinical improvements in medical therapy over the previous two decades. Risks of myocardial infarction (MI) and cranial nerve injury (CNI) were also assessed. Results: Seventeen reports of 14 310 patients with > 50% ACAS were included. CEA reduced the odds of a peri-operative stroke event occurring vs. CAS (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 – 2.2 [0 – 20 fewer/1 000]). CEA and CAS reduced the long term odds of minor strokes (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21 – 0.59 [20 fewer/1 000]) and ipsilateral strokes (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.19 – 0.39 [30 fewer/1 000]) vs. all BMT. CEA reduced the odds of major strokes and combined stroke and mortality vs. traditional BMT; however, no difference was found between CEA and modern BMT. CAS reduced the odds of peri-operative MI (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0. 26 – 0.91) and CNI (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 – 0.42) vs. CEA. Conclusion: Modern BMT demonstrates similar reductions in major stroke, combined stroke, and mortality to CEA. The overall risk reductions are low and data were unavailable to assess subgroups which may benefit from intervention. However, BMT carries the potential to reduce the requirement for surgical intervention in patients with ACAS.
- ItemCUSUM design for detection of event-rate increases for a Poisson process(Taylor & Francis, 2021-12-03) Bourke, Patrick D.In quantifying the performance of a CUSUM chart for detecting upward shifts in event rate, it has been recommended that steady-state evaluation of performance measures such as ARL be used. In this article, the methodology for making such evaluations using the Markov-chain approach is presented, for the case of an exponential CUSUM. This is much more efficient than the alternative of simulation, which is still in use. It is also shown that if one is using steady-state ARL as a measure of detection performance, one can find better choices for the CUSUM parameter k than that provided by the SPRT-based formula. Two types of shift in event rate are considered, and corresponding tables of recommended choices of CUSUM parameters (k, h) are presented for ten levels of in-control ARL, and for nine sizes of shift. These tables can assist quality engineers in the design of CUSUMs for monitoring inter-event times in steady-state operation. It is also shown that these exponential CUSUM tables may be used to find values for the parameters of a geometric CUSUM or a Bernoulli CUSUM chart for monitoring a proportion, provided the in-control value of the proportion is no more than approximately 0.5%
- ItemOn-off intermittency in an optically injected semiconductor laser(American Physical Society, 2012-05-10) Osborne, Simon; Amann, Andreas; Bitauld, David; O'Brien, Stephen; Science Foundation IrelandWe report on the observation of on-off intermittency in an optically injected dual-mode semiconductor laser. It is shown that quasi-single-mode chaotic dynamics of the injected mode are accompanied by intermittent and irregular bursts of the intensity of the uninjected mode. We define a threshold intensity of the uninjected mode to distinguish laminar and bursting states of the system. For small values of the threshold parameter we observe excellent agreement with the predictions of theory for the distribution of the laminar phase durations. For larger values of the threshold parameter, a gap appears in the distribution of laminar phase durations. Numerical simulations demonstrate that this gap is a consequence of the fact that in this case the on states of the system define large intensity spikes, which can belong either to the same or to distinct bursts away from the single-mode manifold.
- ItemA concertina-shaped vibration energy harvester-assisted NFC sensor with improved wireless communication range(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022-01) Paul, Kankana; Gawade, Dinesh R.; Simorangkir, Roy B. V. B.; O'Flynn, Brendan; Buckley, John L.; Amann, Andreas; Roy, Saibal; Science Foundation Ireland; Horizon 2020; European Regional Development FundThe explosive growth of wireless sensor platforms and their emerging wide range of application areas make the development of a sustainable and robust power source, an essential requirement to enable widespread deployment of these wireless devices. As a solution to this cardinal issue, this paper reports the design and fabrication of a resonant Vibration Energy Harvester (VEH) that comprises interleaved springs, manifesting a concertina shaped structure that can enable large mechanical amplitudes of oscillation. Within a relatively small footprint (9cm3), this concertina-VEH yields a large power density of 455.6μW/cm3g2 while operating at a resonant frequency of 75Hz. Additionally, the feasibility of the implemented VEH to support NFC based wireless sensor platform, that is yet uncharted, is also investigated in this work. A very low-power consumption Near Field Communication (NFC) wireless sensor node has been designed and developed for this purpose. The developed concertina VEH has been employed to power the electronics interface of this NFC sensor. Using mechanical energy derived from as low as 0.2g excitation, our study shows that the VEH can enhance the electromagnetic interaction between the transmitting antenna and the reader, resulting in a 120% increase in wireless communication range for the NFC sensor node. Such a high-performance energy harvester assisted NFC sensor node has the potential to be used in a wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms as a reliable and sustainable power solution.