A study of diet and health in the elderly; the gut microbiota as a source of bioactive agents

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dc.check.chapterOfThesisChapter 5
dc.check.embargoformatBoth hard copy thesis and e-thesisen
dc.check.opt-outNot applicableen
dc.check.reasonReleasing this thesis would cause substantial prejudice to the commercial interests of the sponsor of the postgraduate researchen
dc.contributor.advisorFitzgerald, Gerald F.en
dc.contributor.advisorO'Toole, Paul W.en
dc.contributor.advisorRoss, R. Paulen
dc.contributor.authorPower, Susan Eleanor
dc.contributor.funderIrish Research Councilen
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderDepartment of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderHealth Research Boarden
dc.contributor.funderTeagasc
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-19T16:26:14Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.date.submitted2013
dc.description.abstractThe global proportion of older persons is increasing rapidly. Diet and the intestinal microbiota independently and jointly contribute to health in the elderly. The habitual dietary patterns and functional microbiota components of elderly subjects were investigated in order to identify specific effector mechanisms. A study of the dietary intake of Irish community-dwelling elderly subjects showed that the consumption of foods high in fat and/or sugar was excessive, while consumption of dairy foods was inadequate. Elderly females typically had a more nutrient- dense diet than males and a considerable proportion of subjects, particularly males, had inadequate intakes of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, folate, zinc and vitamin C. The association between dietary patterns, glycaemic index and cognitive function was also investigated. Elderly subjects consuming ‘prudent’ dietary patterns had better cognitive function compared to those consuming ‘Western’ dietary patterns. Furthermore, fully-adjusted regression models revealed that a high glycaemic diet was associated with poor cognitive function, demonstrating a new link between nutrition and cognition. An extensive screening study of the elderly faecal-derived microbiota was also undertaken to examine the prevalence of antimicrobial production by intestinal bacteria. A number of previously characterised bacteriocins were isolated (gassericin T, ABP-118, mutacin II, enterocin L-50 and enterocin P) in this study. Interestingly, a Lactobacillus crispatus strain was found to produce a potentially novel antimicrobial compound. Full genome sequencing of this strain revealed the presence of three loci which exhibited varying degrees of homology with the genes responsible for helveticin J production in Lb. helveticus. An additional study comparing the immunomodulatory capacity of ‘viable’ and ‘non-viable’ Bifidobacterium strains found that Bifidobacterium-fermented milks (BFMs) containing ‘non-viable’ cells could stimulate levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in a manner similar to those stimulated by BFMs containing ‘viable’ cells in vitro.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEnterprise Partnership Scheme (Alimentary Health-industry sponsor); SFI grant no. 07/CE/B1368en
dc.description.sponsorshipIrish Research Council (Enterprise Partnership Scheme - Alimentary Health Ltd.)en
dc.description.sponsorshipScience Foundation Ireland (Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre 07/CE/B1368)en
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland (ELDERMET)en
dc.description.sponsorshipHealth Research Board (Food Health Research Initiative)en
dc.description.statusNot peer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Version
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationPower, S. E. 2013. A study of diet and health in the elderly; the gut microbiota as a source of bioactive agents. PhD Thesis, University College Cork.en
dc.identifier.endpage275
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/1477
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherUniversity College Corken
dc.rights© 2013, Susan E. Poweren
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/en
dc.subjectDieten
dc.subjectMicrobiotaen
dc.subjectElderlyen
dc.subjectBacteriocinen
dc.subject.lcshOlder people--Nutritionen
dc.subject.lcshBacteriocins
dc.thesis.opt-outfalse
dc.titleA study of diet and health in the elderly; the gut microbiota as a source of bioactive agentsen
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen
dc.type.qualificationlevelDoctoral Degree (Structured)en
dc.type.qualificationnamePhD (Science)en
ucc.workflow.supervisorg.fitzgerald@ucc.ie
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