Vitamin D status and requirements during pregnancy and lactation

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dc.check.date10000-01-01
dc.check.embargoformatHard bound copy in Library onlyen
dc.check.entireThesisEntire Thesis Restricted
dc.check.infoIndefiniteen
dc.check.opt-outYesen
dc.check.reasonThis thesis is due for publication or the author is actively seeking to publish this materialen
dc.contributor.advisorKiely, Maireaden
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Yue
dc.contributor.funderHealth Research Boarden
dc.contributor.funderDepartment of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderHigher Education Authorityen
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-03T11:52:02Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.date.submitted2013
dc.description.abstractVitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, lactation, and early infancy has been widely reported. Current understanding of vitamin D metabolism during pregnancy and lactation is incomplete, and to date, experimental data to support vitamin D requirements for these life stages are scarce. There is a shortage of nationally representative data and appropriate reference ranges for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) during pregnancy, lactation and infancy, including in umbilical cord blood. This thesis described concentrations of total 25OHD and individual metabolites including 25OHD3, 25OHD2, and 3-epi-25OHD3 at 15 weeks’ gestation in a large seasonally balanced pregnancy cohort study (n 1768), carried out in Cork, Ireland (52oN). The prevalence of low 25OHD concentrations in pregnant women was higher than published reports in other Caucasian women, and was highest among non-users of vitamin D-containing supplements during winter. A longitudinal pregnancy study was included which suggested gestational stages had an impact on the total serum 25OHD concentration. This thesis incorporated a randomized controlled trial carried out among 100 women across 3 intervention groups using 20 μg/day of vitamin D3 with or without 500 mg calcium, or placebo, over 12-weeks of lactation to investigate the vitamin D requirement for lactating mothers and the vitamin D content of human milk. A daily intake of 25 μg/day was suggested to meet the requirement of lactating women to maintain a 25OHD levels above 50 nmol/L in 97.5% of the population at 52oN all year around. However, vitamin D content in human milk did not increase in response to supplementation. Serum 25OHD concentration has been used as a predictor of a number of health outcomes. This thesis reported large differences in serum 25OHD concentrations using different methods in 86 umbilical cord samples. The need for international standardization of serum 25OHD measurements was re-emphasized in this thesis.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food, Ireland (Food Institutional Research Measure); Higher Education Authority (Program for Research in Third Level Institutions (PRTLI Cycle 4) )en
dc.description.statusNot peer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Version
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationZhang, Y. 2013. Vitamin D status and requirements during pregnancy and lactation. PhD Thesis, University College Cork.en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/1356
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherUniversity College Corken
dc.rights© 2013, Yue Zhang.en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/en
dc.subjectVitamin Den
dc.subject25-hydroxyvitamin Den
dc.subjectc-3 epimeren
dc.subjectPregnancyen
dc.subjectBreastfeedingen
dc.subjectCorden
dc.subjectSCOPEen
dc.subjectLCMSen
dc.subject.lcshVitamin D in human nutritionen
dc.subject.lcshPregnancy--Nutritional aspectsen
dc.thesis.opt-outtrue
dc.titleVitamin D status and requirements during pregnancy and lactationen
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen
dc.type.qualificationlevelDoctoralen
dc.type.qualificationnamePhD (Food Science and Technology)en
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