Low adenovirus vaccine doses administered to skin using microneedle patches induce better functional antibody immunogenicity as compared to systemic injection
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Published Version
Supplementary Material
Date
2021
Authors
Flynn, Olivia
Dillane, Kate
Lanza, Juliane S.
Marshall, Jennifer M.
Jin, Jing
Silk, Sarah E.
Draper, Simon J.
Moore, Anne C.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published Version
Abstract
Adenovirus-based vaccines are demonstrating promising clinical potential for multiple infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, the immunogenicity of the vector itself decreases its effectiveness as a boosting vaccine due to the induction of strong anti-vector neutralizing immunity. Here we determined how dissolvable microneedle patches (DMN) for skin immunization can overcome this issue, using a clinically-relevant adenovirus-based Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, AdHu5–PfRH5, in mice. Incorporation of vaccine into patches significantly enhanced its thermostability compared to the liquid form. Conventional high dose repeated immunization by the intramuscular (IM) route induced low antigen-specific IgG titres and high anti-vector immunity. A low priming dose of vaccine, by the IM route, but more so using DMN patches, induced the most efficacious immune responses, assessed by parasite growth inhibitory activity (GIA) assays. Administration of low dose AdHu5–PfRH5 using patches to the skin, boosted by high dose IM, induced the highest antigen-specific serum IgG response after boosting, the greatest skewing of the antibody response towards the antigen and away from the vector, and the highest efficacy. This study therefore demonstrates that repeated use of the same adenovirus vaccine can be highly immunogenic towards the transgene if a low dose is used to prime the response. It also provides a method of stabilizing adenovirus vaccine, in easy-to-administer dissolvable microneedle patches, permitting storage and distribution out of cold chain.
Description
Keywords
Adenovirus , Virus vector vaccine , Skin , Dose , Stability , Antibody , Anti-vector immunity
Citation
Flynn, O., Dillane, K., Lanza, J.S., Marshall, J.M., Jin, J., Silk, S.E., Draper, S.J. and Moore, A.C. (2021) ‘Low adenovirus vaccine doses administered to skin using microneedle patches induce better functional antibody immunogenicity as compared to systemic injection’, Vaccines, 9(3), 299 (17pp). doi: 10.3390/vaccines9030299