dc.contributor.author	Curley, Ricky
dc.contributor.author	Banta, Russell A.
dc.contributor.author	Garvey, Shane
dc.contributor.author	Holmes, Justin D.
dc.contributor.author	Flynn, Eoin J.
dc.contributor.funder	Science Foundation Ireland	en
dc.contributor.funder	Glantreo Ltd., Ireland	en
dc.date.accessioned	2021-05-19T15:51:45Z
dc.date.available	2021-05-19T15:51:45Z
dc.date.issued	2021-03-05
dc.date.updated	2021-05-19T09:58:39Z
dc.description.abstract	Spherical silica particles are typically made via Stöber processes. However, these processes are environmentally unsustainable. Here, we report a process to synthesise spherical silica particles in a more sustainable way using sodium caseinate. Initial experiments showed that sodium caseinate can replace the typical industrial structural directing agents used to produce spherical particles. Particles of 124 nm in size were produced with 200 mg L−1 sodium caseinate and 81 µL sodium silicate, and particles with a bimodal size distribution (258 and 1432 nm) were produced with 400 mg L−1 sodium caseinate and 81 µL sodium silicate. Particles with multimodal size distributions between 363–1588 nm and 342–860 nm where produced with 200 mg L−1 sodium caseinate and 162 µL sodium silicate and 200 mg L−1 sodium caseinate and 810 µL sodium silicate, respectively. Higher concentrations of sodium caseinate and low concentrations of sodium silicate promoted Ostwald ripening. Low concentrations of sodium caseinate and high concentrations of sodium silicate promoted coalescence. Subsequent optimisation of the monodispersity using a statistical design of experiments yielded size-monodisperse silica particles with a narrower size distribution between 172 and 340 nm using sodium caseinate, calcium chloride, sodium silicate, and acetate buffer. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses were used to determine and quantify the relationship between reagent concentrations and particle size. A regression equation was calculated, which predicts particle size based on reagent concentration. Predicted particle sizes (189.6, 197.1, 204.6, and 212.1 nm) and experimentally determined particle sizes (200, 190, 184, and 196 nm) showed good agreement. The possibility of producing spherical silica particles sustainably is shown.	en
dc.description.status	Peer reviewed	en
dc.description.version	Accepted Version	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.identifier.citation	Curley, R., Banta, R. A., Garvey, S., Holmes, J. D. and Flynn, E. J. (2021) 'Spherical silica particle production by combined biomimetic-Stöber synthesis using renewable sodium caseinate without petrochemical agents', Applied Nanoscience, 11(4), pp. 1151-1167. doi: 10.1007/s13204-021-01762-2	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1007/s13204-021-01762-2	en
dc.identifier.endpage	1167	en
dc.identifier.issn	2190-5509
dc.identifier.issued	4	en
dc.identifier.journaltitle	Applied Nanoscience	en
dc.identifier.startpage	1151	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10468/11359
dc.identifier.volume	11	en
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.publisher	Elsevier	en
dc.relation.project	info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Research Centres/12/RC/2278/IE/Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER)/	en
dc.relation.uri	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13204-021-01762-2
dc.rights	© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2021. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Applied Nanoscience. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-01762-2	en
dc.subject	Biomineralisation	en
dc.subject	Biopolymers	en
dc.subject	Spherical silica	en
dc.subject	Stöber process	en
dc.title	Spherical silica particle production by combined biomimetic-Stöber synthesis using renewable sodium caseinate without petrochemical agents	en
dc.type	Article (peer-reviewed)	en

Spherical silica particle production by combined biomimetic-Stöber synthesis using renewable sodium caseinate without petrochemical agents

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