Nilvadipine in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomised controlled trial

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dc.contributor.authorLawlor, Brian
dc.contributor.authorSegurado, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorKennelly, Sean
dc.contributor.authorOlde Rikkert, Marcel G. M.
dc.contributor.authorHoward, Robert
dc.contributor.authorPasquier, Florence
dc.contributor.authorBörjesson-Hanson, Anne
dc.contributor.authorTsolaki, Magda
dc.contributor.authorLucca, Ugo
dc.contributor.authorMolloy, D. William
dc.contributor.authorCoen, Robert
dc.contributor.authorRiepe, Matthias W.
dc.contributor.authorKálmán, János
dc.contributor.authorKenny, Rose Anne
dc.contributor.authorCregg, Fiona
dc.contributor.authorO'Dwyer, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorWalsh, Cathal
dc.contributor.authorAdams, Jessica
dc.contributor.authorBanzi, Rita
dc.contributor.authorBreuilh, Laetitia
dc.contributor.authorDaly, Leslie
dc.contributor.authorHendrix, Suzanne
dc.contributor.authorAisen, Paul
dc.contributor.authorGaynor, Siobhan
dc.contributor.authorSheikhi, Ali
dc.contributor.authorTaekema, Diana G.
dc.contributor.authorVerhey, Frans R.
dc.contributor.authorNemni, Raffaello
dc.contributor.authorNobili, Flavio
dc.contributor.authorFranceschi, Massimo
dc.contributor.authorFrisoni, Giovanni
dc.contributor.authorZanetti, Orazio
dc.contributor.authorKonsta, Anastasia
dc.contributor.authorAnastasios, Orologas
dc.contributor.authorNenopoulou, Styliani
dc.contributor.authorTsolaki-Tagaraki, Fani
dc.contributor.authorPakaski, Magdolna
dc.contributor.authorDereeper, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorde la Sayette, Vincent
dc.contributor.authorSénéchal, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorLavenu, Isabelle
dc.contributor.authorDevendeville, Agnès
dc.contributor.authorCalais, Gauthier
dc.contributor.authorCrawford, Fiona
dc.contributor.authorMullan, Michael
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Commissionen
dc.contributor.funderUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusten
dc.contributor.funderNational Institute for Health Research, UKen
dc.contributor.funderHauts-de-Freance Region, Franceen
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-02T04:37:58Z
dc.date.available2019-10-02T04:37:58Z
dc.date.issued2018-09-24
dc.description.abstractBackground: This study reports the findings of the first large-scale Phase III investigator-driven clinical trial to slow the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease with a dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blocker, nilvadipine. Nilvadipine, licensed to treat hypertension, reduces amyloid production, increases regional cerebral blood flow, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-tau activity in preclinical studies, properties that could have disease-modifying effects for Alzheimer disease. We aimed to determine if nilvadipine was effective in slowing cognitive decline in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Methods and findings: NILVAD was an 18-month, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial that randomised participants between 15 May 2013 and 13 April 2015. The study was conducted at 23 academic centres in nine European countries. Of 577 participants screened, 511 were eligible and were randomised (258 to placebo, 253 to nilvadipine). Participants took a trial treatment capsule once a day after breakfast for 78 weeks. Participants were aged >50 years, meeting National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer’s disease Criteria (NINCDS-ADRDA) for diagnosis of probable Alzheimer disease, with a Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) score of ≥12 and <27. Participants were randomly assigned to 8 mg sustained-release nilvadipine or matched placebo. The a priori defined primary outcome was progression on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale-12 (ADAS-Cog 12) in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population (n = 498), with the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes (CDR-sb) as a gated co-primary outcome, eligible to be promoted to primary end point conditional on a significant effect on the ADAS-Cog 12. The analysis set had a mean age of 73 years and was 62% female. Baseline demographic and Alzheimer disease–specific characteristics were similar between treatment groups, with reported mean of 1.7 years since diagnosis and mean SMMSE of 20.4. The prespecified primary analyses failed to show any treatment benefit for nilvadipine on the co-primary outcome (p = 0.465). Decline from baseline in ADAS-Cog 12 on placebo was 0.79 (95% CI, −0.07–1.64) at 13 weeks, 6.41 (5.33–7.49) at 52 weeks, and 9.63 (8.33–10.93) at 78 weeks and on nilvadipine was 0.88 (0.02–1.74) at 13 weeks, 5.75 (4.66–6.85) at 52 weeks, and 9.41 (8.09–10.73) at 78 weeks. Exploratory analyses of the planned secondary outcomes showed no substantial effects, including on the CDR-sb or the Disability Assessment for Dementia. Nilvadipine appeared to be safe and well tolerated. Mortality was similar between groups (3 on nilvadipine, 4 on placebo); higher counts of adverse events (AEs) on nilvadipine (1,129 versus 1,030), and serious adverse events (SAEs; 146 versus 101), were observed. There were 14 withdrawals because of AEs. Major limitations of this study were that subjects had established dementia and the likelihood that non-Alzheimer subjects were included because of the lack of biomarker confirmation of the presence of brain amyloid. Conclusions: The results do not suggest benefit of nilvadipine as a treatment in a population spanning mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02017340, EudraCT number 2012-002764-27.en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleide1002660en
dc.identifier.citationLawlor, B., Segurado, R., Kennelly, S., Rikkert, M.G.O., Howard, R., Pasquier, F., Börjesson-Hanson, A., Tsolaki, M., Lucca, U., Molloy, D.W. and Coen, R., 2018. Nilvadipine in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS medicine, 15(9), (e1002660). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002660en
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pmed.1002660en
dc.identifier.eissn1549-1676
dc.identifier.endpage20en
dc.identifier.issn1549-1277
dc.identifier.issued9en
dc.identifier.journaltitlePLoS Medicineen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/8662
dc.identifier.volume15en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPLoSen
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7::SP1::HEALTH/279093/EU/A European multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled phase III trial of nilvadIpine in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease/NILVADen
dc.relation.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002660
dc.rights© 2018 Lawlor et alen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectAlzheimer diseaseen
dc.subjectCognitive declineen
dc.subjectNilvadipineen
dc.titleNilvadipine in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomised controlled trialen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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