Directly grown germanium nanowires from stainless steel: high-performing anodes for Li-ion batteries

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dc.contributor.authorMcNulty, David
dc.contributor.authorBiswas, Subhajit
dc.contributor.authorGarvey, Shane
dc.contributor.authorO'Dwyer, Colm
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Justin D.
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-12T13:47:06Z
dc.date.available2021-01-12T13:47:06Z
dc.date.issued2020-12-11
dc.date.updated2021-01-08T08:23:13Z
dc.description.abstractGermanium (Ge) nanowires were fabricated directly on stainless steel current collectors for Li-ion batteries without any additional catalytic seeds. Substrates of stainless steel are unconventional materials for the direct growth of nanowires for battery applications. Stainless steel substrates were activated for nanowire growth by annealing them in air at a temperature of 450 °C to form a catalytic iron oxide surface layer. Large yields of Ge nanowires were obtained from oxidized stainless steel via a liquid-injection chemical vapor deposition process, with diphenylgermane (DPG) as a Ge precursor. Fabricated Ge nanowires have uniform morphology and are single-crystalline. The capacity retention from a nanowire anode tested at 0.2 C is very stable, highlighted by reversible capacities of ∼1014 and 894 mAh/g after the 50th and 250th cycles, respectively. The large specific capacity values are one of the highest achieved for binder-free Ge nanomaterial-based anode materials. The high specific capacity values, good capacity retention, and voltage stability observed resulted from the excellent adhesion of the nanowires to the stainless steel current collectors, ensuring good electrical contact and electrical conductivity. Achieving such electrochemical performance from Ge nanowires grown via a significantly simplified direct growth process on a functional conductive substrate demonstrates the potential of directly grown Ge nanowires as a high-performing anode material for Li-ion batteries.en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationMcNulty, D., Biswas, S., Garvey, S., O’Dwyer, C. and Holmes, J. D. (2020) 'Directly Grown Germanium Nanowires from Stainless Steel: High-performing Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries', ACS Applied Energy Materials, 3(12), pp. 11811-11819. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01977en
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsaem.0c01977en
dc.identifier.endpage11819en
dc.identifier.issn2574-0962
dc.identifier.issued12en
dc.identifier.journaltitleACS Applied Energy Materialsen
dc.identifier.startpage11811en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/10899
dc.identifier.volume3en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen
dc.relation.urihttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c01977
dc.rights© 2020 American Chemical Society. This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Applied Energy Materials, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c01977en
dc.subjectGermaniumen
dc.subjectNanowireen
dc.subjectStainless steelen
dc.subjectVapor−solid−soliden
dc.subjectLi-ion batteryen
dc.titleDirectly grown germanium nanowires from stainless steel: high-performing anodes for Li-ion batteriesen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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