Energy variability and tilt angle in hybrid offshore wind − solar PV farms

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorMoore, Josh
dc.contributor.authorIglesias, Gregorio
dc.contributor.funderHorizon 2020, 101037643 – ILIAD-101129716 - LITEFLOATCON
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-23T11:29:02Z
dc.date.available2026-09-23T11:29:02Z
dc.date.issued2026-09-11
dc.description.abstractHybrid offshore renewable energy systems have great potential for realising infrastructure, operations and maintenance, and economic synergies – not least the smoothing of the variability of the energy output, which reduces the balancing costs. The focus of this work is the hybridisation of existing offshore wind farms with floating solar photovoltaic energy and, more specifically, the effects of the tilt angle of the solar photovoltaic installation on this variability, which have not been investigated so far. Two operational offshore wind farms, Westermost Rough (United Kingdom) and South Fork (United States), are selected as case studies. The analysis is conducted across three temporal resolutions: hourly, daily, and monthly. The variability of the energy output is analysed across 121 different tilt angles, ranging from 0 to 60 degrees in 0.5-degree increments. The following key results are obtained: (i) on an hourly timescale, the optimal tilt angle is 0°, though this results in a lower energy yield; (ii) on a daily timescale, the optimal tilt angle was below the magnitude of the latitude of Westermost Rough and South Fork, respectively; (iii) on a monthly timescale, the optimal tilt angles were also lower than the latitude of the two sites, respectively; and (iv) across all timescales, the level of energy output smoothing for different tilt angles has a notable impact on the overall capacity factor of the hybrid offshore wind-solar farm. Importantly, for any tilt angle, the hybridisation of the offshore wind farms through a floating solar photovoltaic system significantly smoothed the energy output.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 Programme|H2020-LC-GD-20204
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 Programme|101037643 – ILIAD
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 Programme|101129716 - LITEFLOATCON
dc.description.versionPublished Version
dc.format.extent20
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleid102286
dc.identifier.authororcidMoore, Josh
dc.identifier.authororcidIglesias, Gregorio§0000-0003-2719-1663
dc.identifier.citationMoore, J & Iglesias, G 2026, 'Energy variability and tilt angle in hybrid offshore wind − solar PV farms', Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 32, 102286, pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102286
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102286
dc.identifier.endpage20
dc.identifier.issn2590-1745
dc.identifier.journaltitleEnergy Conversion and Management: X
dc.identifier.othercrossref: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102286
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-2719-1663/work/227655213
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/19315
dc.identifier.volume32
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd
dc.relation.urihttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105051040476
dc.relation.urihttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2590174526007695
dc.rights© 2026, the Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
dc.rights.accessrightsopen access
dc.rights.licensenameAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.statusPeer reviewed
dc.subjectAngle of tilt
dc.subjectBalancing costs
dc.subjectEnergy variability
dc.subjectHybrid farm
dc.subjectOffshore renewable energy
dc.subjectWind – solar
dc.subject[EngineeringArchitecture]
dc.subject[MaREI]
dc.titleEnergy variability and tilt angle in hybrid offshore wind − solar PV farmsen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
26_ECMX_Moore_Iglesias.pdf
Size:
15.56 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Published Version
Download
Collections
MaREI Research Ireland Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine
School of Engineering and Architecture