Galaxy size and rotation curve diversity in ΛCDM with baryons

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dc.contributor.authorCruz, Akaxia
dc.contributor.authorBrooks, Alyson M.
dc.contributor.authorLisanti, Mariangela
dc.contributor.authorPeter, Annika H.G.
dc.contributor.authorGeda, Robel
dc.contributor.authorQuinn, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorTremmel, Michael
dc.contributor.authorMunshi, Ferah
dc.contributor.authorKeller, Ben
dc.contributor.authorWadsley, James
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T13:50:09Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T13:50:09Z
dc.date.issued2026-07-10
dc.description.abstractThe observed rotation curves of dwarf galaxies exhibit significant diversity at fixed halo mass, challenging galaxy formation within the cold dark matter (CDM) model. Previous cosmological galaxy formation simulations with baryonic physics fail to reproduce the full diversity of rotation curves, suggesting that there is a flaw in baryonic feedback models, observational bias, or that an alternative to CDM must be invoked. In this work, we use the Marvelous Massive Dwarf zoom-in simulations, a suite of high-resolution dwarf simulations with M200  ∼ 1010–1011 M⊙and M* ∼ 107–109 M⊙, designed to target the mass range where the galaxy rotation curve diversity is maximized, i.e., between (Formula presented) Vmax∼70 and 100 km s−1. We add to this a set of low-mass galaxies from the Marvel Dwarf Zoom Volumes to extend the galaxy mass range to lower values. Our fiducial star formation and feedback models produce simulated dwarfs with a broader range of rotation curve shapes, similar to observations. These simulations both create dark matter cores via baryonic feedback, reproducing the slower-rising rotation curves, while also allowing for compact galaxies and steeply rising rotation curves. Our simulated dwarfs also reproduce the observed size–M* relation, including scatter, producing both extended and compact dwarfs for the first time in simulated field dwarfs. However, the slowly rising and high baryon mass fraction, as well as the steeply rising and low baryon mass fraction, remain missing. We explore star formation and feedback models and conclude that previous simulations may have had feedback that was too strong to produce compact dwarfs.en
dc.description.versionPublished Version
dc.format.extent24
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleid157
dc.identifier.authororcidCruz, Akaxia
dc.identifier.authororcidBrooks, Alyson M.
dc.identifier.authororcidLisanti, Mariangela
dc.identifier.authororcidPeter, Annika H.G.
dc.identifier.authororcidGeda, Robel
dc.identifier.authororcidQuinn, Thomas
dc.identifier.authororcidTremmel, Michael§0000-0002-4353-0306
dc.identifier.authororcidMunshi, Ferah
dc.identifier.authororcidKeller, Ben
dc.identifier.authororcidWadsley, James
dc.identifier.citationCruz, A, Brooks, A M, Lisanti, M, Peter, A H G, Geda, R, Quinn, T, Tremmel, M, Munshi, F, Keller, B & Wadsley, J 2026, 'Galaxy size and rotation curve diversity in ΛCDM with baryons', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 1005, no. 2, 157, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae69ce
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/1538-4357/ae69ce
dc.identifier.endpage24
dc.identifier.issn0004-637X
dc.identifier.issued2
dc.identifier.journaltitleAstrophysical Journal
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-4353-0306/work/219992468
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/19013
dc.identifier.volume1005
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmerican Astronomical Society
dc.rights© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
dc.rights.accessrightsopen access
dc.rights.licensenameAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.statusPeer reviewed
dc.subjectCold dark matter (265)
dc.subjectDark matter density (354)
dc.subjectDwarf galaxies (416)
dc.subjectGalaxy formation (595)
dc.subjectHydrodynamical simulations (767)
dc.subjectStellar feedback (1602)
dc.subject[Physics]
dc.titleGalaxy size and rotation curve diversity in ΛCDM with baryonsen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)
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