Lab-on-a-chip electrochemical immunosensor array integrated with microfluidics: development and characterisation
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Published Version
Date
2022
Authors
Felemban, Shifa Jameel
Vazquez, Patricia
Balbaied, Thanih
Moore, Eric
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Published Version
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip has recently become an alternative for in situ monitoring for its portability and simple integration with an electrochemical immunoassay. Here, we present an electrochemical cell-on-a-chip configured in a three-electrode system to detect benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in water. 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), was used to modify a gold chip surface to reduce the randomness of antibody binding. A carboxylic acid group was activated with -ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) (EDC) in combination with N-hyrodsuccinimide (NHS) before antibody immobilisation. The mechanism of the electrochemical reactions on a gold surface and SAM formation were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and contact angle measurements. The data revealed a lower contact angle in the modified chip and a scan rate of 50 mV/s. Through the addition of modification layers and thiol end groups to the SAM, our design allowed the chip surface to became more insulated. All were tested by amperometric detection using the developed Q-sense system. This novel technique detected multiple samples, and completed the analysis reasonably quickly. While the integrated system proved successful in a lab setting, the aim of the research is to use this system for in situ analysis, which can be brought into a water environment to carry out tests with existing processes. In this way, any issues that may arise from an environmental setting can be rectified in an efficient manner.
Description
Keywords
Microfluidics , Lab on a chip , Integration system , Electrochemical immunoassay , Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Citation
Felemban, S., Vazquez, P., Balbaied, T. and Moore, E. (2022) ‘Lab-on-a-chip electrochemical immunosensor array integrated with microfluidics: development and characterisation’, Electrochem, 3(4), pp. 570–580. doi: 10.3390/electrochem3040039