Electrochemical discrimination of salbutamol from Its excipients in VentolinTM at nanoporous gold microdisc arrays

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dc.contributor.authorNagle, Lorraine C.
dc.contributor.authorWahl, Amelie
dc.contributor.authorOgourstov, Vladimir
dc.contributor.authorSeymour, Ian
dc.contributor.authorBarry, Fiona
dc.contributor.authorRohan, James F.
dc.contributor.authorLoughlin, Ronan M.
dc.contributor.funderEnterprise Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderAerogen Ltd., Irelanden
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-08T08:30:20Z
dc.date.available2021-07-08T08:30:20Z
dc.date.issued2021-06-09
dc.date.updated2021-07-07T09:30:44Z
dc.description.abstractThe emergence of specific drug–device combination products in the inhalable pharmaceutical industry demands more sophistication of device functionality in the form of an embedded sensing platform to increase patient safety and extend patent coverage. Controlling the nebuliser function at a miniaturised, integrated electrochemical sensing platform with rapid response time and supporting novel algorithms could deliver such a technology offering. Development of a nanoporous gold (NPG) electrochemical sensor capable of creating a unique fingerprint signal generated by inhalable pharmaceuticals provided the impetus for our study of the electrooxidation of salbutamol, which is the active bronchodilatory ingredient in VentolinTM formulations. It was demonstrated that, at NPG-modified microdisc electrode arrays, salbutamol is distinguishable from the chloride excipient present at 0.0154 M using linear sweep voltammetry and can be detected amperometrically. In contrast, bare gold microdisc electrode arrays cannot afford such discrimination, as the potential for salbutamol oxidation and chloride adsorption reactions overlap. The discriminative power of NPG originates from the nanoconfinement effect for chloride in the internal pores of NPG, which selectively enhances the electron transfer kinetics of this more sluggish reaction relative to that of the faster, diffusion-controlled salbutamol oxidation. Sensing was performed at a fully integrated three-electrode cell-on-chip using Pt as a quasi-reference electrode.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEnterprise Ireland (grant number CCAN-2014-05)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleid3975en
dc.identifier.citationNagle, L. C., Wahl, A., Ogourstov, V., Seymour, I., Barry, F., Rohan, J. F. and Loughlin, R. M. (2021) 'Electrochemical discrimination of salbutamol from Its excipients in VentolinTM at nanoporous gold microdisc arrays', Sensors, 21(12), 3975 (22pp). doi: 10.3390/s21123975en
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s21123975en
dc.identifier.eissn1424-8220
dc.identifier.endpage22en
dc.identifier.issued12en
dc.identifier.journaltitleSensorsen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/11546
dc.identifier.volume21en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rights© 2021, the Authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectElectrochemical sensoren
dc.subjectExcipienten
dc.subjectInhalable pharmaceuticalen
dc.subjectNanoconfinement effecten
dc.subjectNanoporous golden
dc.subjectSalbutamolen
dc.subjectSelective discriminative amplificationen
dc.titleElectrochemical discrimination of salbutamol from Its excipients in VentolinTM at nanoporous gold microdisc arraysen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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