The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus

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dc.contributor.authorLabdon, Grace E
dc.contributor.authorKelly-Laubscher, Roisin
dc.contributor.authorCunningham, Margaret R
dc.contributor.authorDavies, Nia A
dc.contributor.authorReed, Sophie G
dc.contributor.authorSeeley, Aidan
dc.contributor.funderBritish Pharmacological Society, Teaching Grant 2019; Teaching Grant 2020
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-09T16:50:05Z
dc.date.available2026-03-09T16:50:05Z
dc.date.issued2026-04
dc.description.abstractCaffeine is an emerging contaminant of concern frequently detected in freshwater systems, yet the behavioural, toxicological and biochemical effects of caffeine in aquatic invertebrates remain poorly characterised. Here, we investigate the effects of caffeine exposure on survival, behaviour, locomotion, and energy stores in the freshwater annelid Lumbriculus variegatus. Exposure to ≥5.0mM caffeine for 10minutes or ≥3.0mM for 24hours reduced stimulated behaviours, with locomotion suppressed at ≥5.0mM (10minutes) and ≥1.0mM (24hours) (p <.05, n = 8), which persisted 24hours after exposure to 10mM (10minutes) or 3.5mM (24hours). A 24-hour LC50 of 4.7mM (95% CI: 4.60-4.70mM) was observed, with significant lethality after seven days at 4.5mM (p <.0001). These findings provide the first characterisation of caffeine's effects in L. variegatus and inform environmental risk assessment of caffeine in freshwater systems.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was funded by the British Pharmacological Society's Teaching Grant 2019 & Teaching Grant 2020. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
dc.description.versionAccepted Version
dc.format.extent10
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleid104975
dc.identifier.authororcidLabdon, Grace E
dc.identifier.authororcidKelly-Laubscher, Roisin§0000-0002-6379-9943
dc.identifier.authororcidCunningham, Margaret R
dc.identifier.authororcidDavies, Nia A
dc.identifier.authororcidReed, Sophie G
dc.identifier.authororcidSeeley, Aidan
dc.identifier.citationLabdon, G E, Kelly-Laubscher, R, Cunningham, M R, Davies, N A, Reed, S G & Seeley, A 2026, 'The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus', Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 123, 104975, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104975
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.etap.2026.104975
dc.identifier.endpage10
dc.identifier.issn1382-6689
dc.identifier.journaltitleEnvironmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-6379-9943/work/207957067
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/18614
dc.identifier.volume123
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.relation.urihttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031384600
dc.rightsPublisher Copyright: © 2026 Elsevier B.V.
dc.rights.accessrightsopen access
dc.rights.licensenameAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.statusPeer reviewed
dc.subjectBehavioural toxicology
dc.subjectCaffeine
dc.subjectEcotoxicology
dc.subjectL. variegatus
dc.subjectLumbriculus variegatus
dc.subject[Medicine]
dc.titleThe behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatusen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)
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