Reduced surfactant uptake in three dimensional assemblies of VO(x) nanotubes improves reversible Li(+) intercalation and charge capacity
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Submitted Version
Date
2009
Authors
O'Dwyer, Colm
Lavayen, Vladimir
Tanner, David A.
Newcomb, Simon B.
Benavente, Eglantina
Gonzalez, Guillermo
Sotomayor Torres, Clivia M.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wiley
Published Version
Abstract
The relationship between the nanoscale structure of vanadium pentoxide nanotubes and their ability to accommodate Li+ during intercalation/deintercalation is explored. The nanotubes are synthesized using two different precursors through a surfactant-assisted templating method, resulting in standalone VOx (vanadium oxide) nanotubes and also “nano-urchin”. Under highly reducing conditions, where the interlaminar uptake of primary alkylamines is maximized, standalone nanotubes exhibit near-perfect scrolled layers and long-range structural order even at the molecular level. Under less reducing conditions, the degree of amine uptake is reduced due to a lower density of V4+ sites and less V2O5 is functionalized with adsorbed alkylammonium cations. This is typical of the nano-urchin structure. High-resolution TEM studies revealed the unique observation of nanometer-scale nanocrystals of pristine unreacted V2O5 throughout the length of the nanotubes in the nano-urchin. Electrochemical intercalation studies revealed that the very well ordered xerogel-based nanotubes exhibit similar specific capacities (235 mA h g −1) to Na+-exchange nanorolls of VOx (200 mA h g −1). By comparison, the theoretical maximum value is reported to be 240 mA h g −1. The VOTPP-based nanotubes of the nano-urchin 3D assemblies, however, exhibit useful charge capacities exceeding 437 mA h g −1, which is a considerable advance for VOx based nanomaterials and one of the highest known capacities for Li+ intercalated laminar vanadates.
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Keywords
Vanadium oxide , Nanotubes , Intercalation , Batteries , Energy storage
Citation
O'DWYER, C., LAVAYEN, V., TANNER, D. A., NEWCOMB, S. B., BENAVENTE, E., GONZÁLEZ, G. & TORRES, C. M. S. (2009). Reduced Surfactant Uptake in Three Dimensional Assemblies of VOx Nanotubes Improves Reversible Li+ Intercalation and Charge Capacity. Advanced Functional Materials, 19 (1), 1736-1745. doi: 10.1002/adfm.200801107
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Copyright
© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: O'DWYER, C., LAVAYEN, V., TANNER, D. A., NEWCOMB, S. B., BENAVENTE, E., GONZÁLEZ, G. & TORRES, C. M. S. 2009. Reduced Surfactant Uptake in Three Dimensional Assemblies of VOx Nanotubes Improves Reversible Li+ Intercalation and Charge Capacity. Advanced Functional Materials, 19, 1736-1745., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801107