The effect of gestational and lactational age on the human milk metabolome

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dc.contributor.authorSundekilde, Ulrik K.
dc.contributor.authorDowney, Eimear
dc.contributor.authorO'Mahony, James A.
dc.contributor.authorO'Shea, Carol Anne
dc.contributor.authorRyan, C. Anthony
dc.contributor.authorKelly, Alan L.
dc.contributor.authorBertram, Hanne C.
dc.date.accessioned2016-09-20T13:25:06Z
dc.date.available2016-09-20T13:25:06Z
dc.date.issued2016-05-19
dc.description.abstractHuman milk is the ideal nutrition source for healthy infants during the first six months of life and a detailed characterisation of the composition of milk from mothers that deliver prematurely (<37 weeks gestation), and of how human milk changes during lactation, would benefit our understanding of the nutritional requirements of premature infants. Individual milk samples from mothers delivering prematurely and at term were collected. The human milk metabolome, established by (NMR) spectroscopy, was influenced by gestational and lactation age. Metabolite profiling identified that levels of valine, leucine, betaine, and creatinine were increased in colostrum from term mothers compared with mature milk, while those of glutamate, caprylate, and caprate were increased in mature term milk compared with colostrum. Levels of oligosaccharides, citrate, and creatinine were increased in pre-term colostrum, while those of caprylate, caprate, valine, leucine, glutamate, and pantothenate increased with time postpartum. There were differences between pre-term and full-term milk in the levels of carnitine, caprylate, caprate, pantothenate, urea, lactose, oligosaccharides, citrate, phosphocholine, choline, and formate. These findings suggest that the metabolome of pre-term milk changes within 5-7 weeks postpartum to resemble that of term milk, independent of time of gestation at pre-mature delivery.en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationSundekilde, U.K.; Downey, E.; O’Mahony, J.A.; O’Shea, C.-A.; Ryan, C.A.; Kelly, A.L.; Bertram, H.C. (2016) The effect of gestational and lactational age on the human milk metabolome’, Nutrients, 8(5): 304. doi:10.3390/nu8050304en
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu8050304
dc.identifier.endpage304-15en
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.issued5en
dc.identifier.journaltitleNutrientsen
dc.identifier.startpage304-1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/3101
dc.identifier.volume8en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rights© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectHuman milken
dc.subjectInfanten
dc.subjectMetabolitesen
dc.subjectMetabolomicsen
dc.subjectNMRen
dc.subjectNuclear magnetic resonanceen
dc.subjectNutritionen
dc.subjectPre-termen
dc.titleThe effect of gestational and lactational age on the human milk metabolomeen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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