Determinants of continuous smartwatch use and data-sharing preferences with physicians, public health authorities, and private companies: cross-sectional survey of smartwatch users

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dc.contributor.authorGoodings, Anthony Jamesen
dc.contributor.authorFadahunsi, Kayode Philipen
dc.contributor.authorTarn, Derjung Mimien
dc.contributor.authorLutomski, Jennifer E.en
dc.contributor.authorChhor, Allisonen
dc.contributor.authorShiely, Francesen
dc.contributor.authorHenn, Patricken
dc.contributor.authorO'Donoghue, Johnen
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-08T13:19:37Z
dc.date.available2025-09-08T13:19:37Z
dc.date.issued2025-08-18en
dc.description.abstractBackground: Smartwatches are widely adopted globally for tracking health metrics, offering potential for enhancing individual health care and public health efforts. Continuous use of the devices and users’ willingness to share the data collected are critical to realizing their full benefits. Objective: This study aimed to identify key factors that determine continuous smartwatch use and users’ comfort levels in sharing health data with health care providers and public health authorities. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of current and past smartwatch users (aged >18 years) was conducted to assess determinants of continuous use based on the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) and user comfort levels with different data-sharing methods. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate relationships between habit formation, satisfaction, perceived enjoyment, and perceived usefulness with continuous use. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze user comfort in sharing data, comparing noninternet- versus internet-based sharing methods and fully versus partially anonymized data. Results: A total of 273 responses were analyzed, with participants aged 18‐65 (mean 35.6, SD 11.7) years. The results indicate that continuous use of smartwatches is explained by habit (β=.35; P<.001) and satisfaction (β=.38; P<.001), which is in turn explained by perceived usefulness (β=.38; P<.001), perceived enjoyment (β=.32; P<.001), confirmation (β=.24; P<.001), and perceived usability (β=.10; P=.03). Smartwatch users preferred noninternet-based sharing options (z=−5.793; P<.001) when sharing data with their physician. Similarly, users were more comfortable sharing fully anonymized data with public health authorities than partially anonymized data (z=−3.592; P<.001). Conclusions: Habit formation and satisfaction emerged as pivotal drivers of continuous intention to use smartwatches, emphasizing the need for features that foster integration into daily routine and a rewarding user experience. Preferences for noninternet-based data sharing with physicians highlight privacy concerns that must be addressed to build users’ trust. By aligning device features and data-sharing protocols with user preferences, manufacturers, health care providers, and policy makers can enhance user engagement and maximize the potential of smartwatches to support individual health management and public health initiatives.en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleide67414en
dc.identifier.citationGoodings, A.J., Fadahunsi, K.P., Tarn, D.M., Lutomski, J., Chhor, A., Shiely, F., Henn, P. and O’Donoghue, J. (2025) 'Determinants of continuous smartwatch use and data-sharing preferences with physicians, public health authorities, and private companies: cross-sectional survey of smartwatch users', Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e67414 (13pp). https://doi.org/10.2196/67414en
dc.identifier.doi10.2196/67414en
dc.identifier.eissn1438-8871en
dc.identifier.endpage13en
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal of Medical Internet Researchen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/17831
dc.identifier.volume27en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherJMIR Publicationsen
dc.rights© 2025, Anthony James Goodings, Kayode Philip Fadahunsi, Derjung M Tarn, Jennifer Lutomski, Allison Chhor, Frances Shiely, Patrick Henn, John O'Donoghue. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research ( https://www.jmir.org), 18.08.2025. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (ISSN 1438-8871), is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on license information must be included.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/en
dc.subjectSmartwatchesen
dc.subjectWearable electronic devicesen
dc.subjectHealth behavioren
dc.subjectPrivacyen
dc.subjectConfidentialityen
dc.subjectUser engagementen
dc.subjectDigital healthen
dc.subjectPerceived enjoymenten
dc.subjectUser satisfactionen
dc.subjectData anonymizationen
dc.subjectContinuous useen
dc.subjectTelemedicineen
dc.subjectSmartwatchen
dc.subjectSmartwatch useen
dc.subjectPreferencesen
dc.subjectPhysiciansen
dc.subjectPublic health authoritiesen
dc.subjectPrivate companyen
dc.subjectSurveysen
dc.subjectUsersen
dc.subjectCross-sectionalen
dc.subjectOnline surveyen
dc.subjectExpectationconfirmation modelen
dc.subjectStructural equation modelingen
dc.subjectWearable technologyen
dc.subjectWearablesen
dc.subjectData sharingen
dc.titleDeterminants of continuous smartwatch use and data-sharing preferences with physicians, public health authorities, and private companies: cross-sectional survey of smartwatch usersen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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