Non-solvolytic synthesis of aqueous soluble TiO2 nanoparticles and real-time dynamic measurements of the nanoparticle formation

dc.contributor.authorChen, Lan
dc.contributor.authorRahme, Kamil
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Justin D.
dc.contributor.authorMorris, Michael A.
dc.contributor.authorSlater, Nigel K. H.
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Commissionen
dc.date.accessioned2016-02-25T17:37:13Z
dc.date.available2016-02-25T17:37:13Z
dc.date.issued2012-07-07
dc.description.abstractHighly aqueously dispersible (soluble) TiO2 nanoparticles are usually synthesized by a solution-based sol–gel (solvolysis/condensation) process, and no direct precipitation of titania has been reported. This paper proposes a new approach to synthesize stable TiO2 nanoparticles by a non-solvolytic method - direct liquid phase precipitation at room temperature. Ligand-capped TiO2 nanoparticles are more readily solubilized compared to uncapped TiO2 nanoparticles, and these capped materials show distinct optical absorbance/emission behaviors. The influence of ligands, way of reactant feeding, and post-treatment on the shape, size, crystalline structure, and surface chemistry of the TiO2 nanoparticles has been thoroughly investigated by the combined use of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). It is found that all above variables have significant effects on the size, shape, and dispersivity of the final TiO2 nanoparticles. For the first time, real-time UV–vis spectroscopy and PL are used to dynamically detect the formation and growth of TiO2 nanoparticles in solution. These real-time measurements show that the precipitation process begins to nucleate after an initial inhibition period of about 1 h, thereafter a particle growth occurs and reaches the maximum point after 2 h. The synthesis reaction is essentially completed after 4 h.en
dc.description.sponsorshipScience Foundation of Ireland (SFI BioNanoInteract Strategic Research Cluster grant (07/SRC/B1155)); European Commission (FP7 People Programme, Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowships grant)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationCHEN, L., RAHME, K., HOLMES, J. D., MORRIS, M. A. & SLATER, N. K. H. 2012. Non-solvolytic synthesis of aqueous soluble TiO2 nanoparticles and real-time dynamic measurements of the nanoparticle formation. Nanoscale Research Letters, 7, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-297en
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/1556-276X-7-297
dc.identifier.endpage297 (10)en
dc.identifier.journaltitleNanoscale Research Lettersen
dc.identifier.startpage297 (1)en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/2406
dc.identifier.volume7en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSpringer Openen
dc.rights© 2012 Chen et al.; licensee Springer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en
dc.rights.urihttp://​creativecommons.​org/​licenses/​by/​2.​0en
dc.subjectSynthesisen
dc.subjectNanoparticlesen
dc.subjectTiO2en
dc.subjectAqueously solubleen
dc.subjectDirect liquid phase precipitationen
dc.subjectDynamic real-time measurementen
dc.titleNon-solvolytic synthesis of aqueous soluble TiO2 nanoparticles and real-time dynamic measurements of the nanoparticle formationen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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