John the Baptist and the Agnus Dei: Ruthwell (and Bewcastle) revisited
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Accepted version
Date
2001-09
Authors
Hawkes, Jane
Ó Carragáin, Éamonn
Trench-Jellicoe, Ross
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Published Version
Abstract
The identity of the figure with a lamb carved on the upper stone of the Anglo-Saxon cross at Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire, was interpreted by Paul Meyvaert (in 1982 and 1992), as an apocalyptic image of the Deity instead of John the Baptist. Close inspection of the panel, however, makes it difficult to accept such an explanation. Instead, an adaptation of the early Christian images of the Baptist is proposed, and it is argued that the details of the panel are best understood in the light of the introduction of the Agnus Dei chant into the Mass by Pope Sergius I (687–701), and of biblical commentary which saw the Baptist himself as an apocalyptic figure associated with the Lamb, the paschal sacrifice, commemorated each day in the Mass.
Description
Keywords
Ruthwell Cross , Bewcastle Cross , Ecclesiastical history , Anglo-Saxon studies , Early medieval studies
Citation
Hawkes, J., Ó Carragáin, É. and Trench-Jellicoe, R. (2001) ‘John the Baptist and the Agnus Dei : Ruthwell (And Bewcastle) revisited’, The Antiquaries Journal, 81, pp. 131–153. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581500072176