Electrochemical detection of free-chlorine in Water samples facilitated by in-situ pH control using interdigitated microelectrodes

dc.check.date2022-08-31
dc.check.infoAccess to this article is restricted until 24 months after publication by request of the publisher.en
dc.contributor.authorSeymour, Ian P.
dc.contributor.authorO'Sullivan, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorLovera, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorRohan, James F.
dc.contributor.authorO'Riordan, Alan
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderDepartment of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Regional Development Funden
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-17T10:08:38Z
dc.date.available2020-09-17T10:08:38Z
dc.date.issued2020-08-31
dc.date.updated2020-09-17T09:54:54Z
dc.description.abstractResidual free-chlorine concentration in water supplies is a key metric studied to ensure disinfection. High residual chlorine concentrations lead to unpleasant odours and tastes, while low concentrations may lead to inadequate disinfection. The concentration is most commonly monitored using colorimetric techniques which require additional reagents. Electrochemical analysis offers the possibility for in-line analysis without the need for additional reagents. Electrochemical-based detection of chlorine is influenced by the solution pH, which defines the particular chlorine ionic species present in solution. As such, controlling the pH is essential to enable electrochemical based detection of residual chlorine in water. To this end, we explore the application of solid state interdigitated electrodes to tailor the in-situ pH of a solution while simultaneously detecting free-chlorine. Finite element simulations and subsequent electrochemical characterization, using gold interdigitated microelectrode arrays, were employed to explore the feasibility of an in-situ pH control approach. In practice, the approach converted residual chlorine from an initial mixture of two species (hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion), to one species (hypochlorous acid). Chlorine detection was shown in water samples using this exploratory method, resulting in a two-fold increase in signal response, compared to measurements without pH control. Finally, tap water samples were measured using the in-situ pH control method and the results showed excellent correlation (within experimental error) with a commercial instrument, demonstrating the efficacy of the developed technique. This work establishes the possibility of deploying an electrochemical based reagent-free, in-line chlorine sensor required for water distribution networks.en
dc.description.sponsorshipScience Foundation Ireland and the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (on behalf of the Government of Ireland under the Grant 16/RC/3835 (VistaMilk), and supported from research conducted with the financial support of Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under Grant Number 13/RC/2077 (Connect) and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionAccepted Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.articleid128774en
dc.identifier.citationSeymour, I., O’Sullivan, B., Lovera, P., Rohan, J. F. and O’Riordan, A. (2020) 'Electrochemical detection of free-chlorine in Water samples facilitated by in-situ pH control using interdigitated microelectrodes', Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 325, 128774, (9 pp). doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128774en
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.snb.2020.128774en
dc.identifier.endpage9en
dc.identifier.issn0925-4005
dc.identifier.journaltitleSensors And Actuators B: Chemicalen
dc.identifier.startpage1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/10541
dc.identifier.volume325en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.projectinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/SFI/SFI Research Centres/13/RC/2077/IE/CONNECT: The Centre for Future Networks & Communications/en
dc.relation.urihttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400520311217
dc.rights© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This manuscript version is made available under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectChlorine sensingen
dc.subjectWater quality monitoringen
dc.subjectIn situ pH controlen
dc.subjectAmperometric sensoren
dc.subjectInterdigitated arrayen
dc.subjectHypochlorous aciden
dc.titleElectrochemical detection of free-chlorine in Water samples facilitated by in-situ pH control using interdigitated microelectrodesen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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