Auditory-perceptual evaluation with visual analogue scale: feasibility and preliminary evidence of ultrasound visual feedback treatment of Finnish [r]

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dc.contributor.authorAakko, Iida
dc.contributor.authorKauramäki, Jaakko
dc.contributor.authorCleland, Joanne
dc.contributor.authorLee, Alice
dc.contributor.authorVainio, Martti
dc.contributor.authorSaalasti, Satu
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:07:54Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:07:54Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractAccumulating evidence suggests that ultrasound visual feedback increases the treatment efficacy for persistent speech sound errors. However, the available evidence is mostly from English. This is a feasibility study of ultrasound visual feedback for treating distortion of Finnish [r]. We developed a web-based application for auditory-perceptual judgement. We investigated the impact of listener’s experience on perceptual judgement and the intra-rater reliability of listeners. Four boys (10–11 years) with distortion of [r], otherwise typical development, partook in eight ultrasound treatment sessions. In total, 117 [r] samples collected at pre- and post-intervention were judged with visual analogue scale (VAS) by two listener groups: five speech and language therapists (SLTs) and six SLT students. We constructed a linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects for time and listener group and several random effects. Our findings indicate that measurement time had a significant main effect on judgement results, χ2 = 78.82, p < 0.001. Effect of listener group was non-significant, but a significant main effect of interaction of group × time, χ2 = 6.33, p < 0.012 was observed. We further explored the effect of group with nested models, and results revealed a non-significant effect of group. The average intra-rater correlation of the 11 listeners was 0.83 for the pre-intervention samples and 0.92 for post-intervention showing a good or excellent degree of agreement. Finnish [r] sound can be evaluated with VAS and ultrasound visual feedback is a feasible and promising method in treatment for distortion of [r], and its efficacy should be further assessed.en
dc.description.versionPublished Version
dc.format.extent18
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.authororcidAakko, Iida
dc.identifier.authororcidKauramäki, Jaakko
dc.identifier.authororcidCleland, Joanne
dc.identifier.authororcidLee, Alice§0000-0003-0188-0612
dc.identifier.authororcidVainio, Martti
dc.identifier.authororcidSaalasti, Satu
dc.identifier.citationAakko, I, Kauramäki, J, Cleland, J, Lee, A, Vainio, M & Saalasti, S 2023, 'Auditory-perceptual evaluation with visual analogue scale : feasibility and preliminary evidence of ultrasound visual feedback treatment of Finnish [r]', Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, vol. 37, no. 4-6, pp. 345-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2022.2118079
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/02699206.2022.2118079
dc.identifier.endpage362
dc.identifier.issn0269-9206
dc.identifier.issued4-6
dc.identifier.journaltitleClinical Linguistics and Phonetics
dc.identifier.startpage345
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/18455
dc.identifier.volume37
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInforma Healthcare
dc.relation.urihttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85138308150
dc.rights© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
dc.rights.accessrightsopen access
dc.rights.licensenameAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.statusPeer reviewed
dc.subjectDistortion of [r]
dc.subjectIntervention
dc.subjectPerceptual judgement
dc.subjectSpeech sound error
dc.subjectUltrasound
dc.titleAuditory-perceptual evaluation with visual analogue scale: feasibility and preliminary evidence of ultrasound visual feedback treatment of Finnish [r]en
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)
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