Ribosomal frameshifting and transcriptional slippage: from genetic steganography and cryptography to adventitious use

dc.contributor.authorAtkins, John F.
dc.contributor.authorLoughran, Gary
dc.contributor.authorBhatt, Pramod R.
dc.contributor.authorFirth, Andrew E.
dc.contributor.authorBaranov, Pavel V.
dc.contributor.funderScience Foundation Irelanden
dc.contributor.funderNational Institutes of Healthen
dc.contributor.funderWellcome Trusten
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Research Councilen
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-17T15:52:43Z
dc.date.available2016-10-17T15:52:43Z
dc.date.issued2016-07-19
dc.description.abstractGenetic decoding is not ‘frozen’ as was earlier thought, but dynamic. One facet of this is frameshifting that often results in synthesis of a C-terminal region encoded by a new frame. Ribosomal frameshifting is utilized for the synthesis of additional products, for regulatory purposes and for translational ‘correction’ of problem or ‘savior’ indels. Utilization for synthesis of additional products occurs prominently in the decoding of mobile chromosomal element and viral genomes. One class of regulatory frameshifting of stable chromosomal genes governs cellular polyamine levels from yeasts to humans. In many cases of productively utilized frameshifting, the proportion of ribosomes that frameshift at a shift-prone site is enhanced by specific nascent peptide or mRNA context features. Such mRNA signals, which can be 5′ or 3′ of the shift site or both, can act by pairing with ribosomal RNA or as stem loops or pseudoknots even with one component being 4 kb 3′ from the shift site. Transcriptional realignment at slippage-prone sequences also generates productively utilized products encoded trans-frame with respect to the genomic sequence. This too can be enhanced by nucleic acid structure. Together with dynamic codon redefinition, frameshifting is one of the forms of recoding that enriches gene expression.en
dc.description.sponsorshipScience Foundation Ireland [12/IP/1492, 13/1A/1853, 12/IA/1335]; National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States [RO3 MH098688]; Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom [106207 and 094423]; European Research Council (ERC) [646891]; Funding for open access charge: Wellcome Trust [106207].en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationAtkins, J. F., Loughran, G., Bhatt, P. R., Firth, A. E. and Baranov, P. V. (2016) ‘Ribosomal frameshifting and transcriptional slippage: from genetic steganography and cryptography to adventitious use’, Nucleic Acids Research, 44, pp. 7007-7078. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw530en
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/nar/gkw530
dc.identifier.endpage7078en
dc.identifier.issn0305-1048
dc.identifier.issued15en
dc.identifier.journaltitleNucleic Acids Researchen
dc.identifier.startpage7007en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/3187
dc.identifier.volume44en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherOxford University Pressen
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)en
dc.subjectGenetic decodingen
dc.subjectRibosomal frameshiftingen
dc.subjectgene expressionen
dc.subjectmRNAen
dc.subjectRibosomal RNAen
dc.titleRibosomal frameshifting and transcriptional slippage: from genetic steganography and cryptography to adventitious useen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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