Habitual protein intake, protein distribution patterns and dietary sources in Irish adults with stratification by sex and age
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Accepted Version
Date
2020-01-30
Authors
Hone, M.
Nugent, A. P.
Walton, Janette
McNulty, B. A.
Egan, B.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Published Version
Abstract
Background: Given the importance of habitual dietary protein intake, distribution patterns and dietary sources in the aetiology of age-related declines of muscle mass and function, the present study examined these factors as a function of sex and age in Irish adults aged 18–90 years comprising The National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). Methods: In total, 1051 (males, n = 523; females, n = 528) undertook a 4-day semi-weighed food diary. Total, body mass relative intake and percentage contribution to total energy intake of dietary protein were determined in addition to protein distribution scores (PDS), as well as the contribution of food groups, animal- and plant-based foods to total protein intake. Results: Total and relative protein intake [mean (SD)] were highest in those aged 18–35 years [96 (3) g day–1, 1.32 (0.40) g kg−1 day−1], with lower protein intakes with increasing age (i.e. in adults aged ≥65 years [82 (22) g, 1.15 (0.34) g kg−1 day−1, P < 0.001 for both]. Differences in protein intake between age groups were more pronounced in males compared to females. Protein distribution followed a skewed pattern for all age groups [breakfast, 15 (10) g; lunch, 30 (15) g; dinner, 44 (17) g]. Animal-based foods were the dominant protein source within the diet [63% (11%) versus 37% (11%) plant protein, P < 0.001]. Conclusions: Protein intake and the number of meals reaching the purported threshold for maximising post-prandial anabolism were highest in young adults, and lower with increasing age. For main meals, breakfast provided the lowest quantity of protein across all age categories and may represent an opportunity for improving protein distribution, whereas, in older adults, increasing the number of meals reaching the anabolic threshold regardless of distribution pattern may be more appropriate.
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Keywords
Protein , Age-related decline of muscle mass and function
Citation
Hone, M., Nugent, A. P., Walton, J., McNulty, B. A. and Egan, B. (2020) 'Habitual protein intake, protein distribution patterns and dietary sources in Irish adults with stratification by sex and age', Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 33(4), pp. 465-476. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12736
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© 2020, The British Dietetic Association Ltd. © 2020, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is the peer reviewed version of the following item: Hone, M., Nugent, A. P., Walton, J., McNulty, B. A. and Egan, B. (2020) 'Habitual protein intake, protein distribution patterns and dietary sources in Irish adults with stratification by sex and age', Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 33(4), pp. 465-476, doi: 10.1111/jhn.12736, which has been published in final form at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12736, This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.