dc.contributor.author	Urbaniak, Camilla
dc.contributor.author	Gloor, Gregory B.
dc.contributor.author	Brackstone, Muriel
dc.contributor.author	Scott, Leslie
dc.contributor.author	Tangney, Mark
dc.contributor.author	Reid, Gregor
dc.contributor.funder	Canadian Institutes of Health Research	en
dc.date.accessioned	2019-11-04T11:42:13Z
dc.date.available	2019-11-04T11:42:13Z
dc.date.issued	2016-06-24
dc.description.abstract	In the United States, 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime. Along with genetics, the environment contributes to disease development, but what these exact environmental factors are remains unknown. We have previously shown that breast tissue is not sterile but contains a diverse population of bacteria. We thus believe that the host's local microbiome could be modulating the risk of breast cancer development. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we show that bacterial profiles differ between normal adjacent tissue from women with breast cancer and tissue from healthy controls. Women with breast cancer had higher relative abundances of Bacillus, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus. Escherichia coli (a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family) and Staphylococcus epidermidis, isolated from breast cancer patients, were shown to induce DNA double-stranded breaks in HeLa cells using the histone-2AX (H2AX) phosphorylation (γ-H2AX) assay. We also found that microbial profiles are similar between normal adjacent tissue and tissue sampled directly from the tumor. This study raises important questions as to what role the breast microbiome plays in disease development or progression and how we can manipulate this for possible therapeutics or prevention. IMPORTANCE This study shows that different bacterial profiles in breast tissue exist between healthy women and those with breast cancer. Higher relative abundances of bacteria that had the ability to cause DNA damage in vitro were detected in breast cancer patients, as was a decrease in some lactic acid bacteria, known for their beneficial health effects, including anticarcinogenic properties. This study raises important questions as to the role of the mammary microbiome in modulating the risk of breast cancer development.	en
dc.description.status	Peer reviewed	en
dc.description.version	Published Version	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.identifier.citation	Urbaniak, C., Gloor, G. B., Brackstone, M., Scott, L., Tangney, M. and Reid, G. (2016) 'The Microbiota of Breast Tissue and Its Association with Breast Cancer', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 82(16), pp. 5039-5048. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01235-16	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1128/AEM.01235-16	en
dc.identifier.eissn	1098-5336
dc.identifier.endpage	5048	en
dc.identifier.issn	0099-2240
dc.identifier.issued	16	en
dc.identifier.journaltitle	Applied and Environmental Microbiology	en
dc.identifier.startpage	5039	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10468/8949
dc.identifier.volume	82	en
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.publisher	American Society for Microbiology	en
dc.relation.uri	https://aem.asm.org/content/82/16/5039
dc.rights	©2016 Urbaniak et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.	en
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	en
dc.subject	Microbiota	en
dc.subject	Breast tissue	en
dc.subject	Breast cancer	en
dc.title	The microbiota of breast tissue and its association with breast cancer	en
dc.type	Article (peer-reviewed)	en

The microbiota of breast tissue and its association with breast cancer

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