Advancements, challenges, and prospects of water-filled antennas

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dc.contributor.authorSayem, Abu Sadat Md.en
dc.contributor.authorLalbakhsh, Alien
dc.contributor.authorEsselle, Karu P.en
dc.contributor.authorMoloudian, Gholamhoseinen
dc.contributor.authorBuckley, John L.en
dc.contributor.authorSimorangkir, Roy B. V. B.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-26T11:12:49Z
dc.date.available2023-07-26T11:12:49Z
dc.date.issued2023en
dc.description.abstractIn the group of liquid antennas, water antennas have attracted tremendous popularity due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of water. Pure water is a high permittivity dielectric liquid which comprises high dielectric constant and very low electrical conductivity. While the electrical conductivity of pure water is very low, salt-water has good electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of salt-water can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of salt content (salinity) in the water solution. Both pure water and salt water has excellent optical transparency, liquidity, flexibility and easy availability, thus, become excellent candidates in antenna manufacturing. Pure water is utilized as the dielectric component of the antenna and generally used in the development of dielectric resonator antennas, whereas salt-water is used as the conductive part of the antenna replacing metallic conductors. Some antennas have also utilized both the pure water and salt water for improved performance. In the literature, different classes of antennas can be found that have been developed by utilizing water. In this review paper, we have highlighted the state-of-the-art designs of water-filled antennas, highlighted the major challenges towards the development of water-filled antennas and presented the novel applications and prospects of water-filled antennas.en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationSayem, A. S. M., Lalbakhsh, A., Esselle, K. P., Moloudian, G., Buckley, J. L. and Simorangkir, R. B. V. B. (2023) 'Advancements, challenges, and prospects of water-filled antennas', IEEE Access, 11, pp. 8301-8323. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3238571en
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/access.2023.3238571en
dc.identifier.eissn2169-3536en
dc.identifier.endpage8323en
dc.identifier.journaltitleIEEE Accessen
dc.identifier.startpage8301en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/14778
dc.identifier.volume11en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)en
dc.rights© 2023, the Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectAntennaen
dc.subjectConformalen
dc.subjectLiquiden
dc.subjectReconfigurableen
dc.subjectTransparenten
dc.subjectWateren
dc.titleAdvancements, challenges, and prospects of water-filled antennasen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
oaire.citation.volume11en
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