Assessment of charged AuNPs: from synthesis to innate immune recognition

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dc.contributor.authorRahme, Kamil
dc.contributor.authorMinassian, G.
dc.contributor.authorSarkis, M.
dc.contributor.authorNakhl, M.
dc.contributor.authorEl Hage, Roland
dc.contributor.authorSouaid, E.
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Justin D.
dc.contributor.authorGhanem, E.
dc.contributor.funderNational Council for Scientific Research, Lebanonen
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-05T15:40:21Z
dc.date.available2018-09-05T15:40:21Z
dc.date.issued2018-09
dc.date.updated2018-09-05T12:18:26Z
dc.description.abstractGold nanoparticle (AuNP) physicochemical characteristics, mainly size and charge, modulate their biodistribution, cytotoxicity, and immunorecognition as reported from in vitro and in vivo studies. While data from in vitro studies could be biased by several factors including activation of cells upon isolation and lack of sera proteins in the microenvironment of primary generated cell lines, in vivo studies are costly and time-consuming and require ethics consideration. In this study, we developed a simple and novel in vivo-like method to test for NP immunorecognition from freshly withdrawn human blood samples. AuNPs with a size range of 30 ± 5 nm coated with cationic poly(L-lysine) (PLL) dendrigraft and slightly negative poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were synthesized in water. PLL-capped AuNPs were further coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to obtain nearly neutrally charged PEG-AuNPs. Physicochemical properties were determined using zeta potential measurements, UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gel electrophoretic separation, zeta potential, and DLS were also used to characterize our NPs after human blood plasma treatment. PLL-AuNPs showed similar variation in charge and binding affinity to plasma proteins in comparison with PVA-AuNPs. However, PLL-AuNPs.protein complexes revealed a drastic change in size compared to the other tested particles. Results obtained from the neutrophil function test and pyridine formazan extraction revealed the highest activation level of neutrophils (~70%) by 50 μg/mL of PLL-AuNPs compared to a null induction by PEG- and PVA-AuNPs. This observation was further verified by flow cytometry analysis of polymorphonuclear cell size variation in the presence of coated AuNPs. Overall, our in vivo-like method, to test for NP immunorecognition, proved to be reliable and effective. Finally, our data supports the use of PEG-AuNPs as promising vehicles for drug delivery, as they exhibit minimal protein adsorption affinity and insignificant charge and size variation once introduced in whole blood.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Council for Scientific Research, Lebanon (CNRS-L-GRP2015)en
dc.description.statusPeer revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationRahme, K., Minassian, G., Sarkis, M., Nakhl, M., El Hage, R., Souaid, E., Holmes, J. D. and Ghanem, E. (2018) 'Assessment of Charged AuNPs: From Synthesis to Innate Immune Recognition', Journal of Nanomaterials, 2018, 9301912 , (12 pp). doi:10.1155/2018/9301912en
dc.identifier.doi10.1155/2018/9301912
dc.identifier.endpage9301912-12en
dc.identifier.issn1687-4110
dc.identifier.issn1687-4129
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal of Nanomaterialsen
dc.identifier.startpage9301912-1en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/6716
dc.identifier.volume2018en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherHindawi Publishingen
dc.relation.urihttps://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2018/9301912/
dc.rights© 2018 K. Rahme et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectGold nanoparticlesen
dc.subjectGolden
dc.subjectNanoparticlesen
dc.subjectEngineered nanoparticlesen
dc.subjectLigandsen
dc.subjectDrug deliveryen
dc.subjectBiodistributionen
dc.subjectImmune evasionen
dc.titleAssessment of charged AuNPs: from synthesis to innate immune recognitionen
dc.typeArticle (peer-reviewed)en
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