Evaluation of the relationship between thyroid cancer and the concurrent detection of thyroid nodules on the background of primary hyperparathyroidism

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dc.contributor.authorPoppen, Alisha
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-11T14:31:05Z
dc.date.available2024-10-11T14:31:05Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is commonly caused by a benign parathyroid adenoma that results in overactivity of the gland and subsequent hypercalcemia due to elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). This endocrine pathology is associated with thyroid cancer, specifically Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC). However, the explanation for their synchronous presentation is unknown. Moreover, it causes diagnostic and treatment challenges that impact patient outcomes. Aims and Objectives: To critically analyze published research to address the relationship between PHPT and thyroid cancer, the role of ultrasound imaging in detecting sinister thyroid nodules in PHPT patients and the features of PHPT that predispose the risk of thyroid malignancy. Study Design: Literature Review Methodology: Electronic database searches of PubMed and CINAHL Plus through EBSCOhost were conducted using the keywords "primary hyperparathyroidism", "thyroid nodules" and "thyroid cancer". Following application of filters and removal of duplicates, 627 relevant results remained. Articles were screened for eligibility based on predetermined selection criteria. Following a review of titles and abstracts, 10 peer-reviewed articles were chosen for further analysis. The studies included were critically appraised using the EBL Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: 10 articles were examined, 2 were prospective cohort studies and 8 were retrospective cohort studies. All studies involved exhaustive medical chart reviews of patients with PHPT, to investigate the concomitance of thyroid malignancy. Six studies established cervical ultrasound as the optimal method of recognition and preoperative localization of thyroid and parathyroid lesions. Overall, the incidence of thyroid cancer among PHPT patients ranged between 2.9% to 32.9%. Four studies established age, gender and PTH levels as risk factors.  Conclusion: The existing literature is consistent with previous studies and purports that individuals with a background fo PHPT are at an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Furthermore the highest likelihood of identifying thyroid cancer is through preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas by cervical ultrasound, in female patients over the age of 50. Key Findings: Further research is needed to understand the underlying pathogenesis and genetic mechanisms that encompass the relationship between PHPT and thyroid cancer. en
dc.description.statusPeer-revieweden
dc.description.versionPublished Versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationPoppen, A. (2019) 'Evaluation of the relationship between thyroid cancer and the concurrent detection of thyroid nodules on the background of primary hyperparathyroidism', UCC Student Medical Journal; Vol. 1, pp. 42-49. https://doi.org/10.33178/SMJ.2019.1.5en
dc.identifier.doi10.33178/SMJ.2019.1.5
dc.identifier.endpage49
dc.identifier.issn2737-7237
dc.identifier.journalabbrevUCC SMJ
dc.identifier.journaltitleUCC Student Medical Journalen
dc.identifier.startpage42
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/16542
dc.identifier.urihttps://journals.ucc.ie/index.php/smj/article/view/4302
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherUCC Medical Research and Technology Societyen
dc.relation.urihttps://journals.ucc.ie/index.php/smj/article/view/4302/6463
dc.rights© 2019, the Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.en
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
dc.sourceBatch uploaden
dc.subjectHyperparathyroidismen
dc.subjectThyroid canceren
dc.subjectThyroid nodulesen
dc.subjectPHPTen
dc.subjectPapillary thyroid canceren
dc.subjectPrimary hyperparathyroidismen
dc.subjectPHPTen
dc.titleEvaluation of the relationship between thyroid cancer and the concurrent detection of thyroid nodules on the background of primary hyperparathyroidismen
dc.typePeer-reviewed Articleen
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