Gender, confidence, and the mismeasure of intelligence, competitiveness, and literacy

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dc.contributor.authorHarrison, Glenn
dc.contributor.authorRoss, Don
dc.contributor.authorSwarthout, J. Todd
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-09T13:00:02Z
dc.date.available2026-03-09T13:00:02Z
dc.date.issued2026-01-30
dc.description© 2026 The University of Chicago. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits non-commercial reuse of the work with attribution. Rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence technologies or similar technologies are reserved. Published by The University of Chicago Press.
dc.description.abstractThe measurement of intelligence should identify and measure an individual’s subjective confidence that a response to a test question is correct. Existing measures do not do that, nor do they use extrinsic financial incentive for truthful responses. We rectify both issues and show that each matters for the measurement of intelligence, particularly for women. Our results on gender and confidence in the face of risk have wider applications in terms of the measurement of “competitiveness” and financial literacy. Contrary to received literature, women are more intelligent than men, compete when they should in risky settings, and are more literate.en
dc.format.extent66
dc.format.extent13954132
dc.identifier.authororcidHarrison, Glenn
dc.identifier.authororcidRoss, Don§0000-0003-1813-3111
dc.identifier.authororcidSwarthout, J. Todd
dc.identifier.citationHarrison, G, Ross, D & Swarthout, J T 2026, 'Gender, confidence, and the mismeasure of intelligence, competitiveness, and literacy', Journal of Political Economy, vol. 134, no. 2, pp. 665-730. https://doi.org/10.1086/738345
dc.identifier.doi10.1086/738345
dc.identifier.endpage730
dc.identifier.issn0022-3808
dc.identifier.issued2
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal of Political Economy
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0003-1813-3111/work/207957003
dc.identifier.startpage665
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10468/18606
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105028792262
dc.identifier.volume134
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightscc_by_nc
dc.subjectSDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
dc.subjectCompetition
dc.subjectConfidence
dc.subjectGender
dc.subjectMeasurement of intelligence
dc.subjectRisk
dc.subjectWomen
dc.subject[SocietyPoliticsEthics]
dc.titleGender, confidence, and the mismeasure of intelligence, competitiveness, and literacyen
dc.typeArticle (Peer reviewed)
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