Using the theory of affordances to understand environment-play transactions: Environmental taxonomy of outdoor play space features—a scoping review
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Date
2024-05-28
Authors
Morgenthaler, Thomas
Lynch, Helen
Loebach, Janet
Pentland, Duncan
Schulze, Christina
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
AOTA American Occupational Therapy Association
Published Version
Abstract
Importance: The transactions between the physical environment and children’s play have not been well studied. The theory of affordances provides a way to better understand how environmental characteristics offer opportunities for play occupation.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between environmental characteristics of outdoor play spaces and children’s outdoor play and to develop an environmental taxonomy to support the analysis of play affordances in community play spaces.
Data Sources: Peer-reviewed literature (1974–2023) was sourced from a previously published scoping review (Morgenthaler, Schulze, et al., 2023). The Academic Search Complete, Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords and synonyms of playground, environmental qualities, and children with and without disabilities.
Study Selection and Data Collection: A secondary analysis of the previously published scoping review was conducted. Included studies were those that provided descriptions of physical environment–play activity transactions.
Findings: A qualitative content analysis of 45 articles was conducted and used to form an environmental taxonomy. This taxonomy consisted of 14 space and object categories defined by their functional qualities and linked to play affordances. An array of 284 play occupations were identified in different forms. Play affordances of spaces and object categories and their functional environmental qualities were subsequently identified.
Conclusions and Relevance: This study provides evidence to support the understanding of how the physical environment shapes children’s outdoor play occupations.
Plain-Language Summary: The study authors developed the Environmental Taxonomy of Outdoor Play Space Features as a tool that occupational therapists can use to better understand and describe how the physical environment shapes opportunities for play. The tool could also be useful to justify environmental intervention in schools and public playgrounds to create spaces that support more play for a diversity of children
Description
Keywords
Child , Taxonomic classification , Children and youth , Environmental factors , Evaluation and assessment , Home and community settings , Play, schools , Schools , Early intervention , Community education settings , Scope of practice
Citation
Morgenthaler, T., Lynch, H., Loebach, J., Pentland, D. and Schulze, C. (2024) ‘Using the theory of affordances to understand environment–play transactions: Environmental taxonomy of outdoor play space features—a scoping review’, The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(4), 7804185120. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2024.050606
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Copyright
© 2024 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.