Transparent all-oxide hybrid NiON/TiO2 heterostructure for optoelectronic applications
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Supplementary material
Date
2021-04-21
Authors
Aivalioti, Chrysa
Papadakis, Alexandros
Manidakis, Emmanouil
Kayambaki, Maria
Androulidaki, Maria
Tsagaraki, Katerina
Pelekanos, Nikolaos T.
Stoumpos, Constantinos
Modreanu, Mircea
Crăciun, Gabriel
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Publisher
MDPI
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Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) is a p-type oxide and nitrogen is one of the dopants used for modifying its properties. Until now, nitrogen-doped NiO has shown inferior optical and electrical properties than those of pure NiO. In this work, we present nitrogen-doped NiO (NiO:N) thin films with enhanced properties compared to those of the undoped NiO thin film. The NiO:N films were grown at room temperature by sputtering using a plasma containing 50% Ar and 50% (O2 + N2) gases. The undoped NiO film was oxygen-rich, single-phase cubic NiO, having a transmittance of less than 20%. Upon doping with nitrogen, the films became more transparent (around 65%), had a wide direct band gap (up to 3.67 eV) and showed clear evidence of indirect band gap, 2.50–2.72 eV, depending on %(O2-N2) in plasma. The changes in the properties of the films such as structural disorder, energy band gap, Urbach states and resistivity were correlated with the incorporation of nitrogen in their structure. The optimum NiO:N film was used to form a diode with spin-coated, mesoporous on top of a compact, TiO2 film. The hybrid NiO:N/TiO2 heterojunction was transparent showing good output characteristics, as deduced using both I-V and Cheung’s methods, which were further improved upon thermal treatment. Transparent NiO:N films can be realized for all-oxide flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Keywords
NiO , N-doped NiO , Urbach tail , Sputtering , Mesoporous TiO2 , Spin-coating , NiO:N/TiO2 heterojunction , Optical properties , Diode properties
Citation
Aivalioti, C., Papadakis, A., Manidakis, E., Kayambaki, M., Androulidaki, M., Tsagaraki, K., Pelekanos, N. T., Stoumpos, C., Modreanu, M., Crăciun, G., Romanitan, C. and Aperathitis, E. (2021) 'Transparent All-Oxide Hybrid NiO:N/TiO2 Heterostructure for Optoelectronic Applications', Electronics, 10(9), 988 (18 pp). doi: 10.3390/electronics10090988