INFANT Research Centre - Journal Articles

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    Pouring cold water on fake news: A qualitative review of misinformation related to burns first aid
    (Oxford University Press, 2023-11-24) O’Leary, Annmarie; O’Connor, Cathal; Gibson, Louise; Murphy, Michelle
    Health misinformation is pervasive on the internet and social media and can have wide-ranging and devastating repercussions. Burn injuries are highly prevalent, especially in resource-poor countries with less rigorous health and safety regulations and reduced access to quality healthcare, and especially among the pediatric population who rely on caregivers to tend to their injuries. Correct first aid is crucial to improving burn outcomes and avoiding further complications. The aim of this study was to qualitatively assess the content of misinformation related to burns online. A literature search was conducted on PubMed using the search terms “burns” OR “burn injury” OR “burns trauma” OR “major burns” AND “first aid” AND “conspiracy” OR “disinformation” OR “misinformation” OR “fake news.” Combinations of these terms were searched via Google, YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and PubMed. Key areas of misinformation included unfounded use of “natural” remedies, injudicious use of antibiotics, omission of key steps of first aid, and errors in specific details of first aid. Clinicians should be aware of misinformation available online related to first aid for burns, be aware that patients presenting with burns may have caused further injury with insufficient first aid or inappropriate home remedies, and lead public health campaigns to educate on the initial emergency management of burns.
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    Maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and depression or anxiety in adolescence: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study - a reply
    (Elsevier, 2024-03-19) Keenan, Martin; Khashan, Ali S.; O'Byrne, Laura J.; O'Keeffe, Gerard W.; Al Khalaf, Sukainah; Maher, Gillian M.
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    Maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and depression or anxiety in adolescence: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
    (Elsevier, 2023-11-18) Keenan, Martin; Khashan, Ali S.; O'Byrne, Laura J.; O'Keeffe, Gerard W.; Al Khalaf, Sukainah; Maher, Gillian M.
    Background: The short-term effects of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on the health of the fetus are well known; however, their impacts on the risk of mental health in the exposed offspring are not fully understood. Our aim was to examine the association between HDP and depression/anxiety at age 17 years. Methods: We used data from The Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of children born in the United Kingdom. Data on HDP and potential confounders were collected when children were 9-months. Data on depression and anxiety were collected as one variable when children were aged 17 years using self-reported doctor diagnosis, and reclassified as depression/anxiety (overall), depression/anxiety with treatment, and depression/anxiety without treatment. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between HDP and depression/anxiety, adjusting for several maternal and socio-economic factors. Results: There were 9517 singleton mother-child pairs included in the analyses. Adjusted logistic regression suggested an association between HDP and depression/anxiety (adjusted odds ratio, (aOR):1.30 [95 % CI, 1.02–1.66]) at age 17 years. A similar association was observed for HDP and depression/anxiety with treatment (aOR:1.33 [95 % CI, 1.01–1.73]) and HDP and depression/anxiety without treatment (aOR: 1.30 [95 % CI, 0.80–2.12]), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. Limitations: Data on severity and classifications of HDP were not available. Conclusion: Exposure to HDP may be associated with an increased likelihood of depression or anxiety at age 17 years. Future research should consider severity and different classifications of HDP.
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    Maternal mid-gestation cytokine dysregulation in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder
    (Springer, 2021-09-09) Casey, Sophie; Carter, Michael; Looney, Ann-Marie; Livingstone, Vicki; Moloney, Gerard M.; O'Keeffe, Gerard W. ; Taylor, Rennae S.; Kenny, Louise C.; McCarthy, Fergus P.; McCowan, Lesley M. E.; Thompson, John M. D.; Murray, Deirdre M.; SCOPE Consortium; Irish Research Council; National Children's Research Centre, Ireland; Health Research Board; Science Foundation Ireland; Health Research Board of Ireland; New Enterprise Research Fund, New Zealand; Foundation for Research, Science and Technology; Health Research Council of New Zealand; Evelyn Bond Fund, New Zealand; Auckland District Health Board Charitable Trust, New Zealand
    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterised by deficits in social interactions and communication, with stereotypical and repetitive behaviours. Recent evidence suggests that maternal immune dysregulation may predispose offspring to ASD. Independent samples t-tests revealed downregulation of IL-17A concentrations in cases, when compared to controls, at both 15 weeks (p = 0.02), and 20 weeks (p = 0.02), which persisted at 20 weeks following adjustment for confounding variables. This adds to the growing body of evidence that maternal immune regulation may play a role in foetal neurodevelopment.
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    The impact of maternal inflammatory conditions during pregnancy on the risk of autism: methodological challenges
    (Elsevier, 2024-10-11) Khashan, Ali S.; O'Keeffe, Gerard W.
    In the current issue of Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, Croen et al. (1) report the results of a case-control study that examined the association between inflammatory conditions during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. They proposed that maternal inflammation during pregnancy stemming from immune or metabolic dysregulation would adversely impact ASD risk, and that individual and combinations of maternal conditions may lead to different outcomes in offspring. They found that maternal asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62 [95% CI, 1.15–2.29]) and obesity (OR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.07–2.13]) are associated with a higher risk of ASD in offspring. Strikingly, the combination of asthma and extreme obesity had the greatest odds of ASD (OR = 16.9 [95% CI, 5.13–55.71]), among female children only. This suggests that while individual maternal conditions can impact a child’s risk of ASD, the combination of certain maternal conditions may have a significantly greater impact on this risk than either condition alone. Refers to: Inflammatory Conditions During Pregnancy and Risk of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2024, Pages 39-50 Lisa A. Croen, Jennifer L. Ames, Yinge Qian, Stacey Alexeeff, Paul Ashwood, Erica P. Gunderson, Yvonne W. Wu, Andrew S. Boghossian, Robert Yolken, Judy Van de Water, Lauren A. Weiss. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.09.008