Propagation of nanopores during anodic etching of n-InP in KOH

Lynch, Robert P.; Quill, Nathan; O'Dwyer, Colm; Nakahara, Shohei; Buckley, D. Noel

Propagation of nanopores during anodic etching of n-InP in KOH

Files

c3cp52253a_accepted.pdf(1.42 MB)

Accepted version

Date

2013-08-28

Authors

Lynch, Robert P.

Quill, Nathan

O'Dwyer, Colm

Nakahara, Shohei

Buckley, D. Noel

Publisher

Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Published Version

10.1039/C3CP52253A

Abstract

We propose a three-step model of electrochemical nanopore formation in n-InP in KOH that explains how crystallographically oriented etching can occur even though the rate-determining process (hole generation) occurs only at pore tips. The model shows that competition in kinetics between hole diffusion and electrochemical reaction determines the average diffusion distance of holes along the semiconductor surface and this, in turn, determines whether etching is crystallographic. If the kinetics of reaction are slow relative to diffusion, etching can occur at preferred crystallographic sites within a zone in the vicinity of the pore tip, leading to pore propagation in preferential directions. Symmetrical etching of three {111}A faces forming the pore tip causes it to propagate in the (remaining) 〈111〉A direction. As a pore etches, propagating atomic ledges can meet to form sites that can become new pore tips and this enables branching of pores along any of the 〈111〉A directions. The model explains the observed uniform width of pores and its variation with temperature, carrier concentration and electrolyte concentration. It also explains pore wall thickness, and deviations of pore propagation from the 〈111〉A directions. We believe that the model is generally applicable to electrochemical pore formation in III–V semiconductors.

Keywords

V intermetallic compounds , Porous GAAS , Pore formation , Semiconductor electrodes , Formation mechanisms , Crystal orientation , Gallium-arsenide , HF solution , Silicon , Morphology

Citation

Lynch, R. P., Quill, N., O'Dwyer, C., Nakahara, S. and Buckley, D. N. (2013) 'Propagation of nanopores during anodic etching of n-InP in KOH', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 15(36), pp. 15135-15145.