© 2018, British Pharmacological Society. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This is the accepted version of the following item: Hyland, N. P. and Cryan, J. F. (2018) 'When pharmacology meets the microbiome: new targets for therapeutics?', British Journal of Pharmacology, 175(24), pp. 4401-4403. doi:10.1111/bph.14502, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14502 This editorial may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.