Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children: A state-of-the-art review
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Date
2019-09-04
Authors
Avelar Rodriguez, David
Ryan, Paul M.
Toro Monjaraz, Erick Manuel
Ramirez Mayans, Jaime Alfonso
Quigley, Eamonn M.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Frontiers Media
Published Version
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a heterogenous and poorly understood entity characterised by an excessive growth of select microorganisms within the small intestine. This excessive bacterial biomass, in turn, disrupts host physiology in a myriad of ways, leading to gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms and complications. SIBO is a common cause of non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms in children, such as chronic abdominal pain, abdominal distention, diarrhoea, and flatulence, amongst others. In addition, it has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of stunting, a disease that affects millions of children worldwide. Risk factors such as acid-suppressive therapies, alterations in gastrointestinal motility and anatomy, as well as impoverished conditions, have been shown to predispose children to SIBO. SIBO can be diagnosed via culture-dependant or culture-independent approaches. SIBO's epidemiology is limited due to the lack of uniformity and consensus of its diagnostic criteria, as well as the paucity of literature available. Antibiotics remain the first-line treatment option for SIBO, although emerging modalities such as probiotics and diet manipulation could also have a role. Herein, we present a state-of-the-art-review which aims to comprehensively outline the most current information on SIBO in children, with particular emphasis on the gut microbiota.
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Keywords
Small intestine bacterial overgrowth , Small bowel bacterial overgrowth , Proton pump inhibitors , Gut microbiota , Stunting
Citation
Avelar Rodriguez, D., Ryan, P. M., Toro Monjaraz, E. M., Ramirez Mayans, J. A. and Quigley, E. M. (2019) 'Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Children: A State-Of-The-Art Review', Frontiers in Pediatrics, 7, 363 (20pp). DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00363